Botany MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Botany - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Transport of water.

Key Points

• Xylem is a specialized tissue in vascular plants responsible for the transport of water and dissolved minerals from the roots to different parts of the plant.
• The movement of water through the xylem occurs due to a process called transpiration pull, which is driven by water evaporation from the stomata in leaves.
• Xylem consists of tracheids and vessel elements, which are the primary water-conducting cells. These cells are dead at maturity, forming hollow tubes for efficient water transport.
• The direction of water movement in xylem is unidirectional (upward from roots to shoots).
• In addition to water transport, xylem also provides mechanical support to the plant due to the presence of lignin in its cell walls.

Additional Information

• Phloem: Another vascular tissue in plants responsible for the transport of food, such as sugars, from sources (like leaves) to sinks (like roots or fruits).
• Transpiration: The process of water evaporation from the aerial parts of plants, primarily through stomata, creating a negative pressure that facilitates the upward movement of water in xylem.
• Lignin: A complex organic polymer found in the cell walls of xylem tissues, providing strength and waterproofing to the plant's vascular system.
• Root Pressure: A phenomenon where osmotic pressure in the roots pushes water upward through the xylem, particularly at night or when transpiration is low.
• Vascular Bundle: A structural unit in plants that contains both xylem and phloem, enabling efficient transport of water, nutrients, and food throughout the plant.

The correct answer is Tomato.

Concept:

• Photosynthetic pigments are found in the thylakoid membranes. 
• Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenes, and xanthophylls are photosynthetic pigments found in higher plants. 
• Plant pigments are coloured substances produced by plants that are essential for photosynthesis growth, regulation, and development.

Explanation:

• Lycopene is a carotenoid pigment that is commonly found in red or pink fruits or vegetables. 
• It gives these foods their characteristic color and is also known for its potential health benefits as an antioxidant. 
• It is also used as a supplement that may have protective effects against prostate cancer and cardiovascular disease.
• Some examples of fruits and vegetables that are rich in lycopene include:
  • Tomatoes
  • Watermelon
  • Red carrots
  • Papaya
  • Pink guava

Thus, Lycopene pigment is found in tomato.

The correct answer is peanuts.

Key Points

• Tikka disease is a serious disease occurring in the groundnut-growing areas in India.
• Peanut leaf spots (early leaf spots and late leaf spots) are commonly called. " Tikka" disease.
• It causes almost complete discolouration and yields a loss of 50 percent or more depending on the severity of the disease.
• Leaf spot disease is affected by epidemic weather parameters such as hot and wet conditions.
• Young spots lack a bright yellow aura, which develops around older people.

Additional Information

• Peanuts, which peanuts, Pindar, or monkey nut (UK) is also known as, and Taxonomic from the Arcis Haipogia is classified as, mainly from food seeds for a harvest of crops grown for Is. 
• The world's annual production of shell peanuts in 2016 was 44 million tonnes, led by China with 38% of the world's total.
• In India, Gujarat is the largest producer of groundnuts.
• Andhra Pradesh is the second-largest producer of groundnut.
• The Peanut Research Directorate is located in Junagadh, Gujarat.

The correct answer is Anemophily.

Important Points

• Anemophily or Wind pollination is the process of the transfer of pollen from one individual plant to another carried by air currents.
• It is commonly found in grasses, grains, and other flowering plants.

 Additional Information

• Pollination is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma.
• These vectors can include wind, water, birds, insects, butterflies, bats, and other animals that visit flowers. 
• Hydrophilous pollination involves the use of water as a vector in the transportation of pollen.
• Zoophily is a form of pollination whereby pollen is transferred by vertebrates.
  • The vectors for Zoophily are birds, monkeys, marsupials, lemurs, bears, rabbits, deer, rodents, lizards, and other animals.
• Entomophily is a form of pollination of a flower in which the pollen is carried on an insect.
  • Entomophilous flowers are usually brightly colored and scented and often secrete nectar.

The correct answer is Collenchyma.

• The permanent tissue that provides elasticity is called Collenchyma.

Key Points

• Collenchyma cells are long elongated cells with an irregular thick wall. They have thick walls which provide support and elasticity to the plant's part. 
• They provide structural support and flexibility to the growing stems. It acts as a supporting tissue in the stems of young plants. It provides mechanical support, elasticity, and tensile strength to the plant body.
• Elasticity is provided by collenchyma because of the presence of hydrated pectin in their cell walls.
• Collenchyma consists of narrow cells.

Additional Information

• Collenchyma mainly provides mechanical strength to the growing plant parts.
• Collenchyma generally occurs in the hypodermis of the dicot stem. It is absent in the roots and also occurs in petioles and pedicels.

Concept:

Photosynthesis: 

• The leaves have a green pigment called chlorophyll.
• It helps leaves to capture the energy of the sunlight.
• This energy is used to synthesise (prepare) food from carbon dioxide and water. Since the synthesis of food occurs in the presence of sunlight, it is called photosynthesis.

In the presence of sunlight Carbon dioxide + water → Carbohydrate + oxygen.

• Some plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria can perform photosynthesis.
• The process of photosynthesis is commonly written as

                   6CO2 + 6H2O + Sun-Light → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Plant cells have a cell wall to protect them and make them rigid structure.

Explanation:

1. Plants convert energy from sunlight into food stored as carbohydrate’s - Correct

2. Plants have chlorophyll. - Correct

3. Plant cells do not have cell walls. - Incorrect.

Additional Information

In the plant cells, there are different components and organelles for specific functions-

• Cell Wall – It is a rigid layer composed of cellulose. It is the outermost layer of the cell, below this cell membrane is present. The primary function of the cell wall is to protect and provide structural support to the cell.
• Cell Membrane – It is a semi-permeable membrane that helps in regulating and the substance for entry and exit inside and outside the cell.
• Nucleus – It is a vital part of the cell as it contains all the information or DNA of the cell and their heredity information for growth and cell division.
• Vacuole – Most of the part of the plant cell is occupied by the vacuole. It is surrounded by Tonoplast. The vital role of the vacuole is to provide support again the pressure of the cell wall.
• Golgi apparatus – They act as a transport system in the cell, as they transport various molecules to a different part of the cell.
• Ribosomes – They are the sites of protein synthesis, also termed as the protein factory of the cell.
• Mitochondrion – They break the complex molecules and produce energy and hence called the powerhouse of the cell.
• Lysosomes – They are termed suicidal bags as they hold the enzymes that are capable to digest the whole cell itself.

The correct answer is Collenchyma.

 Concept:

• Collenchyma is a specialized simple permanent tissue that provides support and flexibility to plants.
  • This tissue is made up of living cells having uneven thickenings of cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose on the walls.
  • Cells possess chloroplast, then it is involved in manufacturing sugar and starch.
  • Provides tensile strength and flexibility to the plant body.

Explanation:

• Parenchyma- this tissue provides support to plants. It also stores food. So this option is not correct.

• Collenchyma- it allows easy bending of plant parts and provides flexibility. So the option is correct.
• Sclerenchyma- this tissue makes the plant hard and stiff. It is present in the husk of a coconut. So the option is not correct.

Additional Information

• Parenchyma is the most common and abundant tissue in plants which is made up of thin-walled living cells having a distinct nucleus.
  • The main function of parenchyma is to store and assimilate food. Hence, they are referred to as food storage tissues.
  • Serves as a packing tissue to fill the spaces between other tissues and maintain the shape and firmness of the plant.
  • Stores waste products of plants.
• Sclerenchyma is a lignified supportive tissue made up of thick-walled and lignified cells.
  • Provides mechanical strength to the plant.

The correct answer is Calyx.

Key Points

• Flowers contain the plant’s reproductive structures.
• A typical flower has four main parts - or whorls - known as the calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium.
• The outermost whorl of the flower has green, leafy structures known as sepals.
  • The sepals, collectively called the calyx, help to protect the unopened bud.

Important Points

• The second whorl is comprised of petals - usually, brightly coloured - collectively called the corolla.
• The number of sepals and petals varies depending on whether the plant is a monocot or dicot. 
  • In monocots, petals usually number three or multiples of three; in dicots, the number of petals is four or five, or multiples of four and five.
  • Together, the calyx and corolla are known as the perianth.
• The third whorl contains the male reproductive structures and is known as the androecium.
  • The androecium has stamens with anthers that contain the microsporangia.
• The innermost group of structures in the flower is the gynoecium, or the female reproductive component(s).
• The carpel is the individual unit of the gynoecium and has a stigma, style, and ovary.
  • A flower may have one or multiple carpels.

The correct answer is Parasite.

Important Points

• Cuscuta is a parasitic plant.
• Since Cuscuta does not have chlorophyll, it cannot synthesize its own food by photosynthesis.
• It uses the nutrients of host plants for its growth.
• Other parasitic plants are - Rafflesia, Viscum, Nuytsia floribunda.
• Parasitic plants cause damage to the host plant.

The correct answer is Chlamydomonas.

• Chlamydomonas is found in stagnant water and on damp soil as well as freshwater, seawater, and even in snow.
• About Chlamydomonas-
  • Class: Chlorophyceae
  • Order: Chlamydomonadales
  • Scientific name: Chlamydomonas
  • Phylum: Chlorophyta
  • Higher classification: Chlamydomonadaceae

The correct answer is the apple tree.

 Key Points

• Apple, (Malus Domestica), the fruit of the domesticated tree Malus Domestica (family Rosaceae), is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits.
• A scientific name is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving them a name composed of two parts both by using Latin words and they can also be formed by using words from other languages.

 Additional Information

Based on whether plants have a well-differentiated body and the presence or absence of specialized tissues for transport, and the ability to bear seeds Kingdom Plantae (Plant Kingdom) is can be classified into 5 different groups.

• Thallophyta
  • The plant body is not differentiated from roots, stems, and leaves.
  • They are commonly called algae.
• Bryophyta
  • These are small terrestrial plants.
  • They show differentiation in the body design, with stem, leaf-like structures, and root-like structures.
• Pteridophyta
  • The plant body is differentiated into roots, stems, and leaves, apart from having a specialized tissue for conduction.
• Gymnosperms
  • Gymnosperms are plants with naked seeds.
• Angiosperms
  • Angiosperms are seed-bearing plants. Seeds develop inside tissues that get modified to form the fruit of the plant. 

Hence, we can conclude that plants are divided into 5 groups.

The correct answer is Option 2, i.e., Cork. 

• In-Plant tissues, the cell walls of 'cork' are coagulated by 'suberin' which makes them impervious to water & gas molecules. 
• Protective tissues: 
  • These tissues provide fortification to the plant. 
  • They include two basic things which are known as the 'epidermis & cork'.
• The following table shows the components of protective tissues with respective features. 

  Components of Protective tissues	Features
  Epidermis	It is a layer of cell that makes up the outer casing in the plant. At certain places, the stomata perforate the epidermis. The stomata help in loss of gaseous exchange & water
  Cork	It is the external protective tissue that substitutes the epidermal cells in mature roots & stems. Cork cells lack intercellular gaps & lifeless. The cell walls of corks are coagulated by suberin which makes them impervious to water molecules & gas molecules.

Concept:

About Plant Reproduction:

• Sexual Reproduction is defined as the production of a (New organism) from Two-parents by making use of their (Gametes or Sex cells). Plants also have Male and Female sex organs are carried within the (Flower and the Seeds which are inside a Fruit).
• These plants are called (Angiosperms or Flowering plants) as they reproduce by the Sexual reproduction method. 
• Most of the plants contain Reproductive organs of both (Males and Females) in the flowers.

Parts of a flower and their functions:

• Sepals: Protect the unopened flower
• Petals: Maybe brightly colored to attract insects
• Stamens: The male parts of the flower (each consists of an anther held up on a filament)
• Anthers: Produce male sex cells (pollen grains)
• Carpel: Female reproductive part of the flower which consists of ovules (inside which the egg cells ultimately form), ovary, style, and stigma.
• Stigma: The top of the female part of the flower which collects pollen grains
• Ovary: Produces the female sex cells (contained in the ovules)
• Nectary: Produce a sugary solution called nectar, which attracts insect

Explanation:

The swollen bottom part of flower is Carpel.

• The (Male organ part) of a flower is called the (Stamen) and the (Female organ part) of a flower is called (Carpel). It helps in making the (Male Gametes) of the plant and that is present in Pollen grains.
• These Pollen Grains helps in making (Female Gametes or Egg cells) of the plant and are present in Ovules. The (Male Gametes) fertilize the (Female Gametes).
• The fertilized (Egg cells) grow in Ovules and become Seeds.
• When germinated, these Seeds started growing as (new Plants).

The correct answer is leaves

Explanation:

Photosynthesis - Food-Making Process in Plants - 

• In plants, leaves are the food factories.
• Hence, all the raw materials, like water and minerals, carbon dioxide must reach leaves.
• Chlorophyll, the green pigment present in leaves helps to capture the energy of the sunlight to synthesize (prepare) food from carbon dioxide and water.
• The process is called photosynthesis because the synthesis of food occurs in the presence of sunlight. 

Additional Information

Sweet Potato stored food in their root.

But make their food at leaves.