Chemistry in Everyday Life MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Chemistry in Everyday Life - Download Free PDF

Explanation:

Bakelite is a polymer that is made up of the monomers phenol and Formaldehyde. This phenol-Formaldehyde is a Thermosetting polymer.

Some important properties of Bakelite are listed below.

• It can be easily Molded.
• Very smooth molding can be obtained from this polymer.
• Bakelite moldings are heat resistant and scratch-resistant.
• Owing to its low electrical conductivity, bakelite is resistant to electric current.

Bakelite structure:

Important Points

• Bakelite is used for making electrical switches.
• Melamine is used for floor tiles.

The correct answer is Sulphide coating on silver.

• Silver does not react with oxygen as it is highly unreactive.

Key Points

• But over time its surface turns black due to exposure to the air.
• Due to the availability of Hydrogen Sulphide (H₂S) in the air, a layer of silver Sulphide (Ag₂S) is formed and silver loses its shine.
• This blackness can be minimized by covering it with polythene.
• This blackness is a temporary effect on the surface and can be removed by rubbing with a mild soap solution prepared in warm water. 

The correct answer is Melamine.

Concept:

Plastic is also a polymer like synthetic fibre.
There are two types of plastics: thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics.

• Thermoplastics
  • Some plastic gets deformed easily on heating and can be bent easily are known as thermoplastics.
  • Polythene and PVC are some examples of thermoplastics.
  • Thermoplastics are used in the manufacturing of combs, toys, and various containers.
• Thermosetting plastics
  • Some plastics, on the other hand,  which when moulded once, can not be softened by heating are known as thermosetting plastics.
  • Bakelite and melamine are two examples of thermosetting plastics.

Explanation:

Melamine

• Melamine is a thermosetting plastic.
• Melamine resists fire and can tolerate heat better than other plastics.
• Melamine is a poor conductor of heat and is fire resistant. 
• The majority of synthetic fibers are poor conductors of heat and electricity. 
• Melamine, on the other hand, is used as a flame-resistant coating on firefighter uniforms. 
• The uniforms of firemen have a coating of melamine plastic to make them flame resistant. 
• Melamine is also used for making floor tiles, kitchenware, and fabrics which resist fire.
• It is also used to prevent the spread of fire in airplanes, buses, and other vehicles.

Additional InformationBakelite

• Bakelite is a thermosetting plastic.
• Bakelite on heating becomes malleable and liquefiable.
• However, as it cools, it becomes permanently rigid and hard, as it is a thermosetting plastic.
• It is used for making electrical switches, handles of various utensils, etc. 

PVC

• PVC is a thermoplastic
• PVC stands for Poly Vinyl Chloride.
• PVC has two basic forms: rigid and flexible.
• It is used in the manufacturing of rain (PVC) coats, handbags, vinyl flooring, and water pipes.

Polythene

• Polythene is a thermoplastic.
• Polyethylene is a compound made from the polymerization of ethylene.
• Polyethylene is a lightweight, versatile synthetic plastic.
• It is the most commonly used plastic in the world, with applications ranging from shopping bags and clear food wrap to automobile fuel tanks and detergent bottles.

The correct answer is B₂O₃.

CONCEPT:

• Glass is a transparent material obtained when a complex mixture of highly viscous silicates, upon moderately rapid cooling, solidifies to an amorphous rigid body without crystallization.
• It is essentially a supercooled liquid.
• Different types of glasses: Soda glass, Pyrex glass, Jena glass etc.

EXPLANATION:

• Pyrex glass is borosilicate glass, which contains B₂O₃ as its major ingredient.
• It is obtained by fusing together quartz/sand, sodium carbonate, aluminum oxide, boric oxide.
• It has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion and is able to withstand large temperature changes.
• It is used for making laboratory glassware and cookware that can be heated to high temperatures.

• The correct answer is option 4, i.e., Zinc is more reactive than tin.
• Food cans are coated with tin and NOT zinc because zinc is more reactive than tin.
• Zinc being more reactive, it reacts with the organic acids present in the food. Due to this it can get dissolved in the food substance and make the food poisonous.
• It is due to this reason that tin, a less reactive metal is used.

Name of the alloy	Made up of
Brass	Copper and Zinc
Bronze	Copper and Tin
German Silver	Copper, Zinc, and Nickel
Nickel Steel	Iron and Nickel

The correct answer is Sodium carbonate.

Explanation:

• Washing soda is a chemical compound with the formula Na2CO3, known as sodium carbonate, and it's a salt of carbonic acid.
• Properties of a Washing soda:
  • It is a transparent crystalline solid.
  • It is one of the few metal carbonates which are soluble in water.
  • It is alkaline with a pH level of 11, it turns red litmus to blue.
  • It has detergent properties or cleansing properties because it can remove dirt and grease from dirty clothes, etc.
  • It attacks dirt and grease to form water-soluble products, which are then washed away on rinsing with water.

Important Points

Some common chemical compounds with their common names are:

The correct answer is Lactic Acid.

Key Points

• Lactic acid is present in Sour milk or curd.
• The sourness of the milk is due to the presence of lactic acid.
• Human beings feel tired due to the accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles.​

Additional Information

The correct answer is carbohydrates.

Key Points

• An iodine test is used to check the presence of carbohydrates.
• Carbohydrates are organic compounds in which the ratio of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen is 1: 2: 1.
• Carbohydrates are classified into three major groups:
  • Monosaccharides
  • Oligosaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
• In the iodine test if the sample contains carbohydrates then the sample turns blue-black in colour with a few drops of a potassium iodide solution.

Additional Information

• Proteins are tested using the Biuret test for proteins. 
• Tests to determine fats are the Acrolein test, Baudouin test, and Hubble's test.

Explanation:

• Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is known as ‘Caustic Soda’.
• Some common chemical compounds with their common names are:

The correct answer is Lithium. 

Explanation:

• Group I elements are called alkali metals because they dissolve in water to form soluble hydroxides.
• To prevent Group I elements from reacting with water moisture in the air they are kept in kerosene oil.
  • Example: Sodium, Potassium.
• But Lithium is the lightest metal and it floats above the kerosene surface and reacts with atmospheric oxygen or moisture.

So, Lithium is kept in wax.

The correct answer is Antipyretic.

• Antipyretic is a drug that reduces fever.
  • Antipyretics cause the hypothalamus to override a prostaglandin-induced increase in temperature.
  • The body then works to lower the temperature, which results in a reduction in fever. 

Additional Information

• Barbiturates are a type of central nervous system (CNS) depressant used to treat insomnia, seizures, and headaches​.
• Antiseptic slows or stops the growth of micro-organisms on external surfaces of the body and helps to prevent infections.
• Antibiotics include a range of powerful drugs that kill bacteria or slow their growth. 
  • They treat bacterial infections. 

The Correct Answer is Baking Soda.

• Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO₃) or sodium bicarbonate:
  • Sodium bicarbonate is commonly known as baking soda.
  • Sodium bicarbonate in baking soda quickly neutralizes stomach acid.
  • Sodium bicarbonate is a white crystalline solid.
  • It is used in baking products like cakes, cookies, etc.

Additional Information

• Gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O):
  • Gypsum is a common sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate.
  • Gypsum is widely used in the manufacture of wallboard, cement, plaster of Paris, etc.
• Washing Soda:
  • It is commonly known as Na₂CO₃ or sodium carbonate.
  • It is used in the softening of hard water.
  • It is commonly used as a cleaning agent for domestic purposes.
  • It is also used in the manufacturing of paper, soap, textiles, paints, etc.
• Calcium Hydroxide:
  • It is the chemical formula for Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂).
  • It is also known as slaked lime.
  • It is used in sewage treatment, paper production, and food processing, etc.

Explanation:

Uses of metal & non-metals in daily life:

Metals:

• Metals are used in making machinery, automobiles, aeroplanes, trains, satellites, industrial gadgets, cooking utensils, water boilers, etc. 

Non-metals:

• Non-metal is essential for our life which all living beings inhale during breathing (Oxygen).
• Non-metals used in fertilisers to enhance the growth of plants (Nitrogen, Ammonia etc.)
• Non-metal used in water purification process (Potash alum).
• Non-metal used in the purple coloured solution which is applied on wounds (Iodine) as an antiseptic called a tincture. When this solution is applied on the wound, it sterilizes the wound and makes it free from microbial infection and thus prevent the wound from being infected.
• Non-metals used in crackers (Sulphur, phosphorous etc.).

Concept:

Biogas: The mixture of gases that are produced due to the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen is called biogas.

• The major constituent of biogas is Methane and Carbon dioxide while some traces of H2S and ammonia are also there.
• It is released when the Cow, Buffalo, and Pig manure is processed Anaerobically i.e. in the absence of Oxygen.
• Biogas can be used for Space Heating, Generation of Electricity, Fuel for Cooking, etc

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG): it is composed of compressed Methane and Ethane.

• It can be used in place of gasoline, diesel fuel and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

Explanation:

• The main constituent of both Biogas and CNG is Methane.
• So the correct option is Methane.

Note: Biogas is a Clean Renewable Energy Source and even it is Economically Friendly.

Additional Information

Methane is commonly known as Marsh Gas.

• Methane is the hydrocarbon having the lowest molecular mass with the chemical formula CH4.
• It is called Marsh gas because it is released in huge amounts from marshes where anaerobic bacteria decompose matter.
• It was discovered by Alessandro Volta in 1776.
• It is the main constituent of Biogas and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG).
• It is a Greenhouse gas and its global warming potential is 28 - 36 times as that of CO2.
• Paddy fields are also a huge source of Methane emissions.

The correct answer is Chlorine.

Key Points

• Chlorine kills pathogens such as bacteria and viruses by breaking the chemical bonds in their molecules.
  • Disinfectants that are used for this purpose consist of chlorine compounds which can exchange atoms with other compounds, such as enzymes in bacteria and other cells.
  • When enzymes come in contact with chlorine, one or more of the hydrogen atoms in the molecule are replaced by chlorine.
  • This causes the entire molecule to change shape or fall apart.
  • When enzymes do not function properly, a cell or bacterium will die.
  • Chlorine effectively kills a large variety of microbial waterborne pathogens, including those that can cause typhoid fever, dysentery, cholera and Legionnaires' disease. 

Additional Information

• Bromine is a chemical element with the symbol Br and atomic number 35. Bromine is used in many areas such as agricultural chemicals, dyestuffs, insecticides, pharmaceuticals and chemical intermediates.
• Iodine is an essential mineral commonly found in seafood.
• A colourless, odourless gas Nitrogen is important to the chemical industry.
  • It is used to make fertilisers, nitric acid, nylon, dyes and explosives.
  • To make these products, nitrogen must first be reacted with hydrogen to produce ammonia.