Consider the following minerals found in the Earth's crust:

1. Oxygen

2. Silicon

3. Aluminum

4. Iron

5. Calcium

Which of the following is the correct descending order of their abundance in the Earth's crust?

  1. Oxygen > Silicon > Aluminum > Iron > Calcium
  2. Oxygen > Silicon > Iron > Aluminum > Calcium
  3. Oxygen > Iron > Silicon > Aluminum > Calcium
  4. Silicon > Oxygen > Aluminum > Iron > Calcium

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Oxygen > Silicon > Aluminum > Iron > Calcium

Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is option 1

Key Points

  • Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth's crust, making up about 46% by weight.
  • Silicon is the second most abundant, constituting about 28% by weight.
  • Aluminum follows at around 8%, making it the most common metal in the crust.
  • Iron is present at about 5%, contributing to many igneous and metamorphic rocks.
  • Calcium, essential in carbonate rocks like limestone, makes up about 4%.

Additional Information

  • Key Differences

Aspect

Earth's Crust

Atmosphere

State

Solid

Gaseous

Main Components

Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum

Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon

Dominant Elements

Oxygen (~46.6%), Silicon (~27.7%)

Nitrogen (~78%), Oxygen (~21%)

Role

Forms the solid surface of the Earth

Protects life, regulates climate

Variability

Composition varies between oceanic and continental crust

Composition varies with altitude and location

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