Identify the correct statement about the nature of science

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CTET Feb 2016 Paper 2 Maths & Science (L - I/II: Hindi/English/Sanskrit)
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  1. The methodology of science and its demarcation from other fields continue to be a matter of philosophical debate.
  2. Even the most established and universal laws of science are always regarded as provisional, subject to modification in the light of new observations, experiments and analyses.
  3. Speculation and conjecture also have a place in science, but ultimately a scientific theory, to be acceptable, must be verified by relevant observations and/or experiments.
  4. Science is considered as value-natural and objective, and the laws of science are viewed as fixed.

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Even the most established and universal laws of science are always regarded as provisional, subject to modification in the light of new observations, experiments and analyses.
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Science is dynamic, expanding body of knowledge covering ever-new domains of experience. It is an organized system of knowledge that is based on inquiry born out of natural curiosity, logical reasoning, and experimentation. It is this organized knowledge with inquiry, logical reasoning, and experimentation as its central themes, that we call science. Science may rightly be said to be a domain of inquiry. 

Key Points

Nature of science- 

  • Science is a particular way of looking at nature.
  • Science is a rapidly expanding body of knowledge
    • One of the most important characteristics of science is that even the most established theories can be modified, or even abandoned if new experimental results do not fit into the existing theories.
  • Science is always tentative-
    • Even the most established and universal laws of science are always regarded as provisional, subject to modification in the light of new observations, experiments, and analyses.​
  • Science is a truly international enterprise.

Thus from the above-mentioned points, it is clear that the statement 'Even the most established and universal laws of science are always regarded as provisional, subject to modification in the light of new observations, experiments, and analyses is correct about the nature of science. 

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