The Persian traveller Abdur Razzaq visited Vijayanagara in the reign of:

Key Points

• Abdur Razzaq was a Persian diplomat who visited the Vijayanagara Empire during the reign of Devaraya II.
• Devaraya II ruled the Vijayanagara Empire from 1424 to 1446.
• Abdur Razzaq's visit provided one of the earliest and most detailed foreign accounts of the Vijayanagara Empire.
• His observations provide valuable insights into the social, economic, and political conditions of the Vijayanagara Empire during the 15th century.

Additional Information

• Vijayanagara Empire
  • The Vijayanagara Empire was a South Indian empire based in the Deccan Plateau, established in 1336 by Harihara I and his brother Bukka Raya I of the Sangama dynasty.
  • The empire rose to prominence as a result of its military prowess, economic power, and cultural richness.
  • It was one of the most powerful and prosperous empires in the Indian subcontinent during the 14th to 17th centuries.
  • The empire's capital, Vijayanagara (modern-day Hampi), was a significant cultural and architectural hub.
• Devaraya II
  • Devaraya II, also known as Prouda Devaraya, was one of the most notable rulers of the Vijayanagara Empire.
  • His reign marked the peak of the empire's power and cultural achievements.
  • He was known for his military campaigns, administrative reforms, and patronage of arts and literature.
  • Devaraya II's court was adorned with numerous scholars, poets, and artists, contributing to the flourishing of classical literature and fine arts.
• Abdur Razzaq
  • Abdur Razzaq was a Persian diplomat and scholar who visited India in the early 15th century.
  • He was sent by the Timurid ruler Shahrukh to the court of Devaraya II to establish diplomatic relations.
  • His travel accounts, known as ""Matla-us-Saadain wa Majma-ul-Bahrain"" (The Rise of the Two Auspicious Constellations and the Confluence of the Two Oceans), provide a detailed description of his journey and observations.
  • His writings are invaluable historical sources for understanding the Vijayanagara Empire and its interactions with contemporary Islamic states.