Transformer losses are due to:

Question

Question

This question was previously asked in

RRB ALP Electronics Mechanic 21 Jan 2019 Official Paper (Shift 3)

Answer 1

Losses in Transformer

There are two types of losses present in the transformer i.e. core loss and copper loss.

1.) Core loss or iron loss

These losses occur in the core of the transformer. These are of two types i.e. eddy current loss and hysteresis loss.

Eddy current loss and hysteresis loss depend upon the magnetic properties of the material used to construct the core.

a.) Eddy's current loss

In the transformer, AC current is supplied to the primary winding which sets up alternating magnetizing flux.
When this flux links with a secondary winding, it produces induced emf. But some part of this flux also gets merged with other conducting parts like steel core or iron body or the transformer, which will result in induced emf in those parts, causing small circulating current in them.
This current is called an eddy current. Due to these eddy currents, some energy will be dissipated in the form of heat.

b.) Hysteresis loss

Hysteresis loss is due to the reversal of magnetization in the transformer core.
This loss depends upon the volume and grade of the iron, frequency of magnetic reversals, and value of flux density.

2.) Copper loss

These losses occur due to the ohmic resistance of the transformer windings.
Copper loss is proportional to the square of the current, and the current depends on the load. Hence copper loss in the transformer varies with the load.