Question
Download Solution PDFWhat is the correct sequence of the following in heart attack?
1) Narrowing of the inner orifice of the vessel
2) Plaque from fibrous tissue and high cholesterol
3) Inadequate supply of blood and oxygen
4) Clots of blood carried into the coronary arteries
This question was previously asked in
RRB Pharmacist Previous Year Paper 2015
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 3 : 2 → 1 → 4 → 3
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RRB Pharmacist ST 1: Human Anatomy and Physiology
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20 Questions
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18 Mins
Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFCorrect Answer: 2 → 1 → 4 → 3
Rationale:
Introduction:
A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when the blood flow that brings oxygen to the heart muscle is severely reduced or cut off completely. This typically happens because coronary arteries that supply the heart muscle with blood become narrowed from the buildup of fat, cholesterol, and other substances.
Key Points:
- Plaque from fibrous tissue and high cholesterol: Over time, cholesterol and fatty deposits accumulate on the arterial walls, forming plaques. These plaques consist of fibrous tissue and lipids, primarily cholesterol, creating a hard, thick build-up that narrows the arteries. This condition is known as atherosclerosis.
- Narrowing of the inner orifice of the vessel: The accumulation of plaques results in the progressive narrowing of the coronary arteries, which restricts the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart. The narrowed arteries struggle to deliver sufficient blood, especially during physical exertion or stress.
- Clots of blood carried into the coronary arteries: Plaques can become unstable and rupture, exposing their inner contents to the bloodstream. This triggers the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) at the site of the rupture. The clot can partially or completely obstruct the flow of blood through the coronary artery.
- Inadequate supply of blood and oxygen: The blockage caused by a clot disrupts the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart muscle. The affected part of the heart muscle becomes deprived of oxygen (ischemia), and if the blockage persists, it can lead to damage or death of the heart muscle cells. This condition is what we recognize as a heart attack.
Conclusion:
- The correct sequence in the development of a heart attack involves the initial buildup of plaques from fibrous tissue and high cholesterol, which then leads to the narrowing of the arteries. This is followed by the formation of blood clots that obstruct the coronary arteries, ultimately resulting in an inadequate supply of blood and oxygen to the heart muscle. Understanding this sequence is crucial for early detection and prevention strategies in cardiovascular health.
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