Which one among the following is not a renewable energy source?

The correct answer is Nuclear.

Key Points

• Nuclear
  • Relies on uranium or plutonium, mined from finite geological reserves.
  • Nuclear fission produces energy but depletes fuel sources, which take millions of years to form naturally.
  • While low-carbon, it generates radioactive waste requiring long-term storage.
  • Uranium reserves are projected to last ~90 years at current consumption rates, making it non-renewable.
  • Provides ~10% of global electricity but faces challenges like high costs and safety concerns.

Additional Information

• Solar
  • Derived from sunlight, which is continuously available and inexhaustible on a human timescale.
  • Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity without depleting resources.
  • The sun is expected to radiate energy for ~5 billion more years, making solar power renewable.
  • No direct greenhouse gas emissions during energy production.
  • Global solar capacity reached approximately 1,177 GW by 2023, showcasing rapid adoption.
• Wind
  • Generated by harnessing kinetic energy from wind currents caused by atmospheric temperature differences and Earth’s rotation.
  • Wind turbines produce electricity without consuming finite resources.
  • Wind patterns are naturally replenished, ensuring long-term sustainability.
  • Contributed ~7% of global electricity in 2022, with capacity exceeding 900 GW.
  • Environmental impacts (e.g., bird collisions) exist but are minimal compared to fossil fuels.
• Hydroelectric
  • Uses flowing water (rivers, dams) to generate electricity via turbines.
  • Water cycles through evaporation and precipitation, ensuring continuous renewal.
  • Accounts for ~16% of global electricity, with over 1,300 GW installed capacity.
  • Large dams can disrupt ecosystems, but small-scale hydro projects minimize environmental harm.
  • Considered renewable as long as water sources remain replenished by natural cycles.