With reference to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that are used in making many consumer products, consider the following statements :
1. PFAS are found to be widespread in drinking water, food and food packaging materials.
2. PFAS are not easily degraded in the environment.
3. Persistent exposure to PFAS can lead to bioaccumulation in animal bodies.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

Question

Question

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CSE Prelims 2024: General Studies Official Paper

Answer 1

The correct answer is Option 4.Key PointsPerfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS):

PFAS are widespread in drinking water, food, and food packaging materials. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
- PFAS are used in a wide variety of consumer products due to their resistance to water, oil, and heat.
- Studies have found PFAS in drinking water, food items, and various food packaging materials. They can migrate from food packaging into the food and are also found in contaminated water sources.
PFAS are not easily degraded in the environment. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
- PFAS are known for their strong carbon-fluorine bonds, which make them highly resistant to degradation in the environment. This resistance leads to their persistence in water, soil, and air over long periods.
Persistent exposure to PFAS can lead to bioaccumulation in animal bodies. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
- PFAS can accumulate in the bodies of animals, including humans, through persistent exposure. They tend to accumulate in the liver, kidneys, and blood and can be passed up the food chain, leading to higher concentrations in predators.