Fats and oils, otherwise known as triesters of glycerol and higher fatty acids, play a significant role in our daily lives. At room temperature, oils remain liquid, while fats solidify. They are abundant in various food items such as dairy products, oils, and gums. Despite being water-insoluble, they can dissolve in alcohol and chloroform. They are an essential energy source for our bodies.
Tests of Oils and Fats - Practical Guide & FAQs | Testbook.com
Last Updated on Apr 12, 2024
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Concept:
Fats and oils, which are greasy by nature, liberate glycerol upon hydrolysis with aqueous or alcoholic sodium or potassium hydroxide . They can originate from both plant and animal sources.
Here are the tests to identify the presence of fats and oils.
- Solubility test
- Transparency spot test
- Acrolein test
- Baudouin test
- Huble’s test
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Method:Preparing the Reagent:
Huble’s reagent – Combine equal volumes of 7% mercury chloride in alcohol with a 5% solution of iodine in 96% of alcohol.
Observations and Conclusion:
| Solubility test | If the sample mixes with chloroform and does not mix with water, it confirms the presence of fat. |
| Transparency spot test | The appearance of a translucent spot confirms the presence of fats. |
| Acrolein test | If a pungent, irritating smell is detected, it indicates the presence of fats or oil. |
Safety Measures:
- Exercise caution when handling chemicals. Avoid inhaling chloroform as it can have an anaesthetic effect.
- Use droppers to extract the reagents from their containers.
- Always wear hand gloves and lab aprons during the experiment.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What are fats?
Fat is an essential component of our diet and is important for good health. There are various types of fats, some of which are healthier than others. Fat, along with carbohydrates and protein, is one of three major macronutrients.
What is the difference between oils and fats?
Fats are molecules consisting of a chain of fatty acids with a glycerol head. There are several types of fats determined by the number of carbon atoms in the chain of fatty acids and how many double bonds there are in the chain and where the bonds of figures are. Oils consist of a combination of different concentrations of fats.
How is the unsaturation in fats and oils determined?
The unsaturation in fats and oils is determined by Huble’s drop method.
What is the name of the compound formed when fats or oils react with potassium bisulfate?
Acrolein is the compound formed when fats or oils react with potassium bisulfate.
Name the test used to test the presence of unsaturation in fats and oils.
Huble’s test is used to test the presence of unsaturation in fats and oils.