OPSC Assistant Chemist Syllabus and Exam Pattern 2023: Marking Scheme, PDF

Unit

Topics

Paper 1 (Organic and Analytical Chemistry)

Unit -I: Basic Concepts of organic chemistry & Stereochemistry

a) Electronic Displacements: Inductive, electrometric, resonance and mesomeric effects, hyperconjugation and their applications; Dipole moment; Organic acids and bases; their relative strength. Electrophiles and Nucleophiles; Nucleophilicity and basicity, Types, shape, and relative stability of carbocations, carbanions, free radicals and carbenes. Aromaticity: Hückel's rule, aromatic character of arenes, cyclic carbocations/carbanions and heterocyclic compounds with suitable examples. Different types of substitutions (SN", SN2, SN, SN'CB), Elimination and free radical reaction. Name reactions (Aldol and Benzoin condensation, Knoevenagel condensation, Perkin, Cannizzaro and Wittig reaction, Claisen condensation, Dieckmann and Reformatsky reactions)

b) Stereochemistry

Fischer Projection, Newmann and Sawhorse Projection formulae; Geometrical isomerism: cis-trans and syn-anti isomerism E/Z notations with C.I.P rules.

Optical Isomerism: Optical Activity, Specific Rotation, Chirality/Asymmetry, Enantiomers, Molecules with one and two chiral-centres, Distereoisomers, meso-structures, Racemic mixture and resolution, inversion. Relative and absolute configuration: D/L and R/S designations.

Types of cycloalkanes and their relative stability, Baeyer strain theory. Conformational analysis of alkanes (ethane and n-butane): Relative stability with energy diagrams. Energy diagrams of cyclohexane: Chair, Boat, and Twist boat forms.

Unit-II: Introduction to analytical chemistry and data processing 

Role of analytical chemistry, classification of analytical methods, types of instrumental analysis Errors of analysis, classification, source and minimization of errors, absolute and relative errors, accuracy and precision, significant figures, mean value and deviation, average and standard deviation, median value, range, confidence intervals. Sampling in analysis. Definition, theory of sampling, technique of sampling, statistical criteria of good sampling. stratified sampling, transmission, and storage of samples.

Unit-III: Analysis of Soil and Water

Analysis of Soil: Sampling, Carbonate, Organic carbon, and organic matter, Total nitrogen, ammonia and nitrates, Total determination of major soil constituents by fusion analysis, silica and total combined oxides of iron, aluminium, and titanium, Determination Ca, Mg, Na, K, phosphate, boron, Co, Cu, Zn, Exchangeable cations, Cation exchange capacity, chemical analysis as a measure of soil fertility.

Analysis of Water: Sources of water, classification of water for different uses, types of water pollutants and their effects, Analytical methods for the determination of ions in water: CO,, HCO, FC, SO, PO, NO. Analytical methods for the determination of cations in water: Fe, Fe, Ca, Mg2, Cr, As, Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, Cd, Co. Determination of Dissolved oxygen (D.O), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), standards for drinking water.

Unit IV: Analytical Methods

a) Solvent Extraction and lon exchange: Principles, classification of extraction, mechanism of extraction, extraction equilibria, techniques of extraction, application in analytical chemistry. Ion exchange: Type of ion exchange resins, synthesis and characteristics of ion exchange resins, action of ion exchange resins, ion exchange equilibria, technique of ion exchange, application of ion exchange in analytical chemistry.

Fundamentals of Spectroscopy: Instrumentation, Theory and Applications of IR, NMR (Proton & Carbon 13), Mass & Raman Spectroscopy.

Chromatographic methods: Basic principles and applications of chromatographic techniques (Paper, TLC, lon exchange, HPLC, GLC).

Spectroscopic methods: atomic adsorption Spectroscopy- Principles and applications of AAS in chemical analysis. Flame photometric methods - Principles, interface in flame photometry, application in quantitative analysis. Nephelometric method- Principle and applications in analysis.

b) X-ray diffraction method: Weiss indices, Miller indices, Laue method, Bragg's law, and applications in determination of crystal structure.

Electron spin resonance: Principles, zero field splitting and Kramer's degeneracy. factors affecting the g value, hyperfine splitting, and applications to sample radicals. Thermal analytical methods: Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Derivative Thermogravimetric analysis (DTG). Applications of thermogravimetry. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)- Applications of differential thermal analysis in simultaneous TG-DTA curves, CD, CV, Polarography.

Unit-V: Analysis of Ore

General techniques of analysis applied to complex materials- Scope of metallurgical analysis - General methods of dissolution of complex materials -Various chemical methods for the effective separation of the constituents in the complex materials. Analysis of ores: Iron ore- Analysis of the Constituents - Moisture, loss of ignition, Total Iron, ferrous Iron, Ferric Iron, alumina, silica, Titania, Lime, Magnesia, Sulphur, phosphorus, manganese, alkalis, combined water, Carbon in blast furnace, flue dust and sinter. Manganese Ore Analysis of the Constituents-Total Manganese, MnO2, SiO2, BaO. FezOs.AlaOs, CaO, P and S Chromite Ore -Analysis of the Constituents - Chromium, SiO2, FeO, AOs CaO,& MgO. Aluminium Ore (Bauxite) Analysis of the Constituents Silica, Alumina, Fe:Os, Titania, MnO, P:Os, CaO, MgO, vanadium, zirconium, and alkalis.

Paper 2 (Physical and Inorganic Chemistry)

Unit-I (Energetics) 

a) Thermodynamics: Laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic functions, standard states for gases, liquids and solids, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy and free energy and calculations between them. Activity, fugacity and mean activity coefficients, Debye-Huckel Limiting Law, thermodynamics of Mixing and Mixtures of Volatile Liquids-ideal and Real Solutions and Activity-Excess Functions for non-ideal solutions. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics.

b) Photochemistry & Chemical Dynamics:

Characteristics of electromagnetic radiation, Lambert-Beer's law and its limitations, physical significance of absorption coefficients. Laws, of photochemistry, quantum yield, actinometry, examples of low and high quantum yields, photochemical equilibrium and the differential rate of photochemical reactions, photosensitised reactions, quenching. Role of photochemical reactions in biochemical processes, photostationary states, chemiluminescence.

Empirical rate laws, Theories of reaction rate, Determination of reaction mechanism, Reaction in solutions, catalytic reaction kinetics, Techniques for fast kinetics viz, flow method, relaxation method, flash photolysis, NMR method.

Unit-II: Electrochemistry & Solid state Chemistry

a) Electromotive force of a cell and its measurement, Nernst equation; Standard electrode (reduction) potential and its application to different kinds of half-cells. Application of EMF, determination of activity coefficients and transference numbers. Debye-Huckel-Onsager treatment and its extension, ion solvent interactions. Deby- Huckel-Bjerrum model. Solution of Strong electrolytes. Debye-Huckel theory for activity coefficient of electrolytic solutions; determination of activity and activity coefficients; ionic strength.

Thermodynamics of electrified interface equations. Derivation of electro-capillarity, Lippmann equations (surface excess), methods of determination. Structure of electrified interfaces, Helmitoz-Perrin, Guoy-Champman, Stern models.

Over potentials, exchange current density, derivation of Butler-Volmer equation, Tafel plot. Introduction to corrosion, homogenous theory, forms of corrosion, corrosion monitoring and prevention methods.

b) Nature of the solid state, law of constancy of interfacial angles, law of rational indices, Miller indices, elementary ideas of symmetry, symmetry elements and symmetry operations, qualitative idea of point and space groups, seven crystal systems and fourteen Bravais lattices; X-ray diffraction, Bragg's law, a simple account of rotating crystal method and powder pattern method. Analysis of powder diffraction patterns of NaCI, CSCI and KCI.. Defects in crystals. Electrical properties, Metals, insulators, semiconductors, super conductors, band theory of solids. Solid state reactions: Classification, brief account of the experimental methods of study of solid state reactions.

Phase Diagram: Phase behaviour of one and two component systems (solid-solid, solid-liquid, solid-vapour, liquid-liquid, liquid-vapour equilibrium).

Ehrenfest classification of phase transitions.

Unit - III

a) Symmetry and Group Theory

Symmetry elements and Symmetry operation, Groups and Subgroups, Symmetry point group. Schonflies symbols, Matrix representations of groups. Character of a representation. The Great Orthogonality theorem (without proof) and its importance. Character tables and their uses. Derivation of character table for Cav, Cav

b) Electronic Spectra of Transition Metal Complexes.

Spectroscopic ground states, Orgel diagrams for d1-d states in O, and Ta symmetry, Tanabe-Sugano diagrams for d2 configuration in O. and Ta symmetry. Calculations of Dq. B and ẞ parameters.

Unit - IV

a) Metal-Ligand Bonding

Crystal-Field Theories:

Limitation of Crystal Field Theory, Molecular orbital theory for Octahedral, Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes, a and π bonding in Molecular Orbital Theory. Application of MOT to Correlation diagrams.

b) Chemistry of Transition & Inner Transition Elements

Unit - V

Coordination chemistry of Transition Metal ions, Stabilization of Unusual oxidation states, Stereochemistry of coordination compounds, Splitting of d-orbitals in Low symmetry environment, Jahn-Teller effect, Interpretation of Electronic Spectra including Charge Transfer Spectra, Spectrochemical series, Nephelauxetic series, Fluxional molecules, Iso and Hetero Poly acids. Structures of Mixed Metal Oxides: Spinel & Inverse Spinel, lleminite and Perovskite structure, Coloured Minerals and Gem quality crystals. Chemistry of Lanthanides and Actinides: Oxidation state, Spectral and Magnetic Properties, Stereochemistry, Use of Lanthanide Compounds as Shift reagents, Actinide contraction, Oxidation states, Comparisons between Lanthanides and Actinides

a) Chemistry of Main Group elements A & B

General characteristics, Allotropes, Structure and Reactions of simple and industrially important compounds: Boranes, Carboranes, Silicones, Silicates, Boron nitride, Borazines and Phosphazenes. Hydrides, Oxides and Oxoacids of pnictogens (N, P), chalcogens (S, Se & Te) and halogens, Xenon compounds, Pseudo halogens and Interhalogen compounds

b) Environmental pollution and remedies.

Important aspects and control of Air Pollution and Noise Pollution, Treatment of solid and hazardous waste based on characterization, sanitation methods for protection of community health, Steps for sustainable development of green environment.

Exam Pattern

Paper I (Organic & Analytical Chemistry)

Paper II (Physical & Inorganic Chemistry)

Total Marks

100

100

Questions

100

100

Marks per Question

1

Duration

1 1⁄2 Hours

Negative Marking

Yes (25% deduction)

Viva Voce

Total Marks: 25