Match the following:

List I	List II
(Successional Communities)	(Examples)
1. Pioneer	A. Forest
2. Climax	B. Shrubs and Herbaceous Plants
3. Seral	C. Lichens and Mosses

The correct answer is 1-C, 2-A, 3-B.

Key Points

• Pioneer Communities: First organisms to colonize an area, primarily lichens and mosses.
• Climax Communities: Stable and final stage of ecological succession, typically a forest.
• Seral Communities: Intermediate stages in succession, including shrubs and herbaceous plants.

Additional Information

• Pioneer Species: Species that colonize barren or disturbed ecosystems, initiating ecological succession.
• Ecological Succession: The process by which ecosystems develop and change over time, divided into primary (starting from bare rock) and secondary (after disturbance) succession.
• Climax Ecosystem: A stable, mature ecosystem where species composition remains relatively unchanged over time unless disrupted by environmental factors.
• Seral Stages: Transitional stages between the pioneer and climax communities, which may involve different plant and animal species.
• Types of Succession: Primary succession occurs on previously uninhabited surfaces, while secondary succession happens after disturbances such as fire or deforestation.