Nobel prizes are awarded on:

Key Points

• The Nobel Prizes were established by the will of Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, in 1895.
• The prizes are awarded annually in six categories: Peace, Literature, Medicine, Physics, Chemistry, and Economic Sciences.
• The Peace Prize is awarded by the Norwegian Nobel Committee, while the other prizes are awarded by Swedish institutions.
• The Nobel Prizes are considered one of the most prestigious international awards in their respective fields.

Additional Information

• Peace: The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded to individuals or organizations that have made significant contributions to the promotion of peace. Notable recipients include Martin Luther King Jr., Malala Yousafzai, and the United Nations.
• Literature: This prize honors authors, poets, and playwrights who have produced outstanding literary work. Winners include Rabindranath Tagore, Ernest Hemingway, and Gabriel García Márquez.
• Medicine: Also known as the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, this award recognizes major discoveries that have advanced medical science. Recipients include Alexander Fleming for the discovery of penicillin and Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna for CRISPR gene-editing technology.
• Physics: This prize is awarded for groundbreaking contributions in the field of physics, such as Albert Einstein's work on the photoelectric effect or the discovery of gravitational waves.
• Chemistry: The Chemistry Prize is awarded for exceptional achievements in chemical research. Examples include Marie Curie's discovery of radium and polonium and Ahmed Zewail's work on femtochemistry.
• Economic Sciences: Although not originally included in Alfred Nobel's will, this prize was established by the Swedish central bank in 1968. It recognizes contributions to the field of economics, such as those by Paul Krugman and Amartya Sen.