The laws of floating bodies was discovered by _____.

CONCEPT

• Density: It is defined as the mass of a body per unit volume. We can also say that how much mass it can contain in a specific volume.

• As of dense material like Iron takes more mass in a given volume than of wood.
• Mathematically it gives a formula Density (ρ) = mass (m) / Volume (V)
• SI Unit is kg/m3.
• 1m3 = 1000 liters of water.
• Flotation: It can be defined as the tendency of an object to rise to the upper levels of the fluid or to stay on the surface of the fluid.
• Sinking: The opposite of floatation is sinking and can be defined as the tendency of an object to go to the lower levels of the fluid.

EXPLANATION

Archimedes principle: 

• It is used to explain the law of flotation or upward thrust experienced when immersed in a fluid. Therefore option 4 is correct. 
• The principle of Archimedes states “When a body is immersed in a liquid, an upward thrust, equal to the weight of the liquid displaced, acts on it.”

• The flotation and sinking of an object are dependent upon the relative density with each other.
  • If the density of the object is more than the density of the liquid, the object will sink.
  • On the other side, if the density of an object is less than the liquid, then it will float over it.
  • If the density of the object and liquid is equal to each other, they are in equilibrium and float and sink both at the same time
  • Therefore, the sinking or floating of an object depends on the difference in density of objects and liquid.