This cult founded by Karram Shah in the Garo Hill region revolted against the Jamindars advocating the rights of the rent farmers :

The correct answer is - Pagalpanthi

Key Points

• Pagalpanthi
  • The Pagalpanthi movement was a religious and socio-political movement founded by Karam Shah in the Garo Hill region (present-day Meghalaya).
  • It was aimed at improving the conditions of the oppressed farmers, particularly the rent-paying farmers, who were exploited by the Jamindars (landlords).
  • The movement later took a revolutionary stance under Karam Shah's son, Tipu Shah, who led an armed revolt against the oppressive landlords and British authorities.
  • The movement was deeply rooted in egalitarian principles and advocated for the rights of marginalized communities, including the Garo and Khasi tribes.

Additional Information

• Faraizi Movement
  • The Faraizi movement was a 19th-century reformist movement led by Haji Shariatullah in Bengal.
  • It emphasized the importance of following Islamic practices strictly and opposed exploitation by landlords and British authorities.
• Khasi and Naga Movements
  • The Khasi and Naga revolts were tribal uprisings in the northeast of India, primarily against British policies such as forced labor, land encroachment, and taxation.
  • These movements were largely localized and focused on preserving tribal autonomy and customs.
• Historical Context
  • The 19th century witnessed numerous peasant and tribal uprisings in India as a reaction to colonial exploitation and oppressive feudal systems.
  • Movements like the Pagalpanthi and Faraizi were significant for their role in uniting marginalized groups against socio-economic injustices.