Under which article, Parliament can make any law for the whole country or any part of it to give effect to any international treaty, agreement, convention?

The correct answer is Article 253.

Key Points

• Article 253 of the Indian Constitution empowers the Parliament to make laws for the whole or any part of the territory of India to implement any international treaty, agreement, or convention.
• This article ensures that India can fulfill its international obligations without requiring constitutional amendments or state approval.
• The legislative power under Article 253 extends even to matters listed in the State List, enabling Parliament to override state jurisdiction when implementing international treaties.
• Examples of laws enacted under Article 253 include the Environment Protection Act, 1986, enacted to comply with international commitments made during the Stockholm Conference, 1972.
• This provision underscores India's commitment to international cooperation and ensures compliance with global agreements.

Additional Information

• Article 245: Grants Parliament and state legislatures the power to make laws for their respective territories.
• Article 246: Divides legislative powers between Parliament and state legislatures through three lists: Union List, State List, and Concurrent List.
• State List: Generally, states have exclusive legislative power over subjects in this list, unless overridden under special provisions like Article 253.
• International Treaties: These are formal agreements between countries, often requiring domestic laws for implementation. Article 253 facilitates this process in India.
• Environmental Legislation Example: The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, was amended to align with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), exemplifying the application of Article 253.