"When a hanging carpet is beaten with a stick, dust particles start coming out of it". This phenomenon is best example of:

Concept:

Newton’s First law:

• A body continues to be in its state of rest or of uniform motion along a straight line unless it is acted upon by some external force to change the state.
• If no net force acts on a body, then the velocity of the body cannot change i.e. the body cannot accelerate.
• Newton’s first law defines inertia and is rightly called the law of inertia.

Newton’s Second Law:

• The rate of change of linear momentum of a body is directly proportional to the external force applied on the body and this change takes place always in the direction of the applied force.
• If a body of mass m moves with velocity then its linear momentum can be given by  and if force is applied on a body, then

Where F = Force, m = mass  and a = acceleration

Newton’s Third Law:

• To every action, there is always an equal (in magnitude) and opposite (in direction) reaction.
• When a body exerts a force on any other body, the second body also exerts an equal and opposite force on the first.
• Forces in nature always occur in pairs. A single isolated force is not possible.

Explanation:

• An object’s inertia tends to resist any change in its state of rest or motion.
• If a carpet is beaten with a stick then the carpet begins to move. But, the particles of dust are trying to resist their state of rest.
• The concept can be explained based on Newton’s first law of motion.
• When the carpet is beaten with a stick, the stick exerts a force on the carpet which sets it in motion.
• The inertia of the dust particles residing on the carpet resists the change in the motion of the carpet.
• Therefore, the forward motion of the carpet exerts a backward force on the dust particles, setting them in motion in the opposite direction.
• This is why the dust comes out of the carpet when beaten.