Which of the following is the earliest known epigraphic evidence mentioning the custom of Sati ?

The correct answer is - Eran pillar inscription of Bhanugupta

Key Points

• Eran pillar inscription of Bhanugupta
  • The Eran pillar inscription, dating to the Gupta period, specifically the reign of Bhanugupta, is considered the earliest known epigraphic evidence mentioning the practice of Sati.
  • This inscription describes a woman committing Sati by immolating herself on her husband's funeral pyre, marking it as a documented occurrence of this practice.
  • The pillar is located in Eran, Madhya Pradesh, and dates back to 510 CE, making it a significant source for understanding early practices of Sati in ancient India.
• Historical Importance
  • The inscription provides evidence of how the ritual of Sati was practiced during the Gupta period, reflecting societal norms and traditions of that era.
  • It is a primary source for historians studying the origins and prevalence of Sati in India.

Additional Information

• Other inscriptions and their contexts
  • Bilsad pillar inscription of Kumaragupta I
    • This inscription belongs to the reign of Kumaragupta I and is located in Uttar Pradesh.
    • It primarily highlights his achievements and does not mention the practice of Sati.
  • Mathura pillar inscription of Chandragupta II
    • Associated with Chandragupta II, this inscription focuses on the ruler's military conquests and contributions to art and culture.
    • It does not contain any references to the Sati ritual.
  • Allahabad pillar inscription of Samudragupta
    • This inscription, authored by Harisena, glorifies the military achievements of Samudragupta, often referred to as the "Napoleon of India."
    • It provides no mention of the practice of Sati.
• Context of Sati in Ancient India
  • The practice of Sati involves a widow self-immolating on her husband's funeral pyre, often as a symbol of loyalty and devotion.
  • While it was not widespread in ancient times, epigraphic and literary sources like the Eran inscription provide evidence of its existence in certain regions and periods.
  • Later, during the medieval period, the practice became more prevalent and institutionalized in some parts of India.