Which of the given formulae should be applied while using audio-visual material?

In educational settings, audio-visual materials play a crucial role in enhancing the learning experience by providing both visual and auditory stimuli. Key Points

• When using audio-visual materials in teaching, the ideal approach is to move from Real to Abstract.
• This means beginning with concrete, real-life or visually/audibly rich materials (such as videos, pictures, or real objects) to help students build understanding, and then guiding them toward grasping more abstract concepts or theories.

Hint

• Abstract to Real is less effective initially, as abstract ideas may confuse learners without a concrete basis.
• Both Abstract to Real & Real to Abstract lacks focus; a clear direction (real to abstract) is generally more effective.
• Real alone is incomplete as a formula, it lacks the progression to deeper understanding.

Hence, the most appropriate instructional sequence with audio-visual aids is Real to Abstract.