Secularism & Communalism for UGC NET Sociology Notes & Study Material

Hence, communalism means attachment towards the community and its religion. Secularism is just the opposite, specifying complete separation or indifference towards religion and excluding religion from social and national politics. The two main approaches towards religious and cultural diversity in society are secularism and communalism. Secularism seeks to keep religion out of matters pertaining to the state, to ensure that the policies and institutions of the state are neutral towards all religions. Communalism treats religious and cultural communities as very important units of society and extends them into the public sphere as well. Knowing these things helps one to navigate through the complex relationship of religion and politics.

Secularism and communalism is a vital topic to be studied for the sociology related exam such as the UGC NET Sociology Examination.

In this article the readers will be able to know about the following:

• Meaning of Secularism
• Meaning of Communalism
• Difference Between Secularism and Communalism

Meaning of Secularism

Secularism simply means separating religious from state or public affairs views, policies, or institutions. It makes sure that no policy of the state or institution is enacted with the influence of religion. The approach serves to bring about a no-partisan attitude toward all religions by treating them equally, without one religion dictating the public policy or law. The goal of secularism is to bring into existence a society that will be just and where people of all faiths or none can live together without the fear of religious prejudices interfering in governmental or societal decisions.

Meaning of Communalism

Communalism is the process of integrating religious or cultural communities into the socio-political framework of society, thereby basically emphasizing the unique identities and interests of these respective groups. It is an approach that furthers the role of a religious or ethnic community in the shaping of public policies, structures of society, and governance. While communalism can strengthen cultural representation and serve the needs of its particular groups, it also risks augmenting sectarianism and divisions by serving to point out the differences between several communities, rather than looking at or working toward a unified national identity.

Difference Between Secularism and Communalism

Secularism and communalism are two different ways of dealing with religious and cultural diversity in society. Secularism envisions a clear separation between religion and all state functions, which means it would seek to work with a completely neutral approach to all religions. On the other hand, communalism envisions a political order in society in keeping with religious and cultural communities. Understanding the differences between these two concepts is important for ascertaining how each version impacts governance, social cohesion, and public life.

Conclusion

Secularism and communalism are two approaches to dealing with religious and cultural diversity. Secularism tries to attain or achieve neutrality or what is known as equal treatment of all religions concerning public life. On the other hand, communalism refers to prominence or dominance established by religious and cultural communities. Finding a middle path between the two can be tricky, yet it remains the key towards the achievement of an inclusive and harmonious society. A grasp of these frameworks makes it much easier to appreciate their influence on social cohesion and governance.

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