Modern Methods of Irrigation: Sprinkler and Drip Systems

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Introduction

Regular water supply is essential for the healthy growth of crops. This practice of supplying water to crops at regular intervals is referred to as irrigation. Irrigation can be classified into two types - traditional and modern. The modern irrigation methods include:

• Sprinkler System
• Drip System

Sprinkler Irrigation

Sprinkler irrigation is a straightforward and efficient method of irrigation. In this method, water is sprayed, mimicking rainfall, through pipes. This system eliminates water loss and prevents waterlogging. It also maintains the groundwater balance.

This method is ideal for areas with less water availability and uneven land topography. The primary pipeline is installed in the field which connects to perpendicular pipelines with rotating nozzles. Water from the wells is channeled through these pipelines under pressure, which then gets sprinkled on the crops through the rotating nozzles.

Sprinkler irrigation is beneficial in areas where there are noticeable fluctuations in the earth's temperature, environmental conditions, and humidity. The continual sprinkling of water helps maintain the soil's physical conditions and composition.

Benefits of Sprinkler Irrigation

• It aids in soil conservation.
• It enhances soil productivity.
• It shields the crops from extreme frost or temperature.
• Fertilizer and insecticide application can be efficiently done through the sprinkler system.
• It maintains the physical condition and composition of the soil.
• It is highly beneficial for sandy soil and uneven land.

Drip Irrigation

Drip irrigation is becoming increasingly popular in regions with water scarcity. In this method, narrow pipes with small holes are laid across the fields. Water flows through these pipes and directly drips to the roots of the plants. The roots absorb the water and supply it to the plants. This method ensures no wastage of water.

Benefits of Drip Irrigation

• Water reaches directly to the roots of the plants.
• It conserves a significant amount of water, which can be used for irrigating larger areas.
• It prevents weed growth as water is directly supplied to the plants and does not spread across the field.
• It increases the crop yield.
• The area around the plants remains dry, limiting bacterial growth.
• It reduces the overall water usage in agriculture.

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