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Home / IAS Preparation / Battle of Khanwa

Battle of Khanwa - Historical Background, Aftermath & Other Important Facts!

Last Updated on Feb 29, 2024
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The battle of Khanwa was fought between the Timurid forces of Babur and the Rajput confederacy led by Rana Sanga for supremacy in Northern India. The Battle of Khanwa, occurring on March 16, 1527, was a significant clash between Timurid forces led by Babur and the Rajput Confederation under Rana Sanga, vying for supremacy in Northern India. Despite the Timurids' previous victory at Panipat, the Delhi sultanate was in decline, while Rana Sanga had turned the Mewar kingdom into a formidable power. Consequently, the battle emerged as a decisive conflict in the Mughal conquest of Northern India. Notably, it was one of the early battles in Northern India featuring extensive use of gunpowder, resulting in substantial casualties for both Timurids and Rajputs.

The Battle of Khanwa is one of the most important topics for the UPSC IAS exam. It covers a significant part of the Medieval History subject in the Mains General Studies Paper-1 syllabus and General Studies Paper-1 of the UPSC Prelims Syllabus.

In this article, we shall study in detail the background, series of events, and aftermath of the Battle of Khanwa for the UPSC exam.

The UPSC aspirants can also take the help of Testbook’s UPSC Free Coaching to boost their UPSC Exam preparation! You can also study other major topics related to UPSC IAS Exams with Testbook!

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Battles of Khanwa: Important Facts & Figures for UPSC

The table below shows the important facts about the Battle of Khanwa.

Events

Battle of Khanwa

Date

March 17, 1527

Location

Khanwa, Rajasthan, Agra

Forces Involved

Rana Sanga of Mewar and Mughal Emperor Babur

Result

Victory of Mughal Empire

Check out the video to learn about the Battles of Khanwa, Chanderi, and Ghagra in detail.

https://youtu.be/Qi2rPeFDeeQ

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Battle of Khanwa: Historical Background
  • The battle of Khanwa was fought on March 17, 1527, between Rana Sanga of Mewar and Mughal Emperor Babur. Rana Sangha wanted to establish his kingdom by taking over entire India. In 1517, the Eastern Malwa confederacy came under the rule of Rana Sangha, this development alarmed the Lodi rulers of Delhi.
  • As a result, The Lodi ruler tried to stop Sanga, and Ibrahim Lodi tried to attack Mewar but Ibrahim Lodi was defeated in the Battle of Ghatoli by Sanga.
  • On the other hand, Medini Rao of Chanderi was ruling Malwa along with Chanderi under Rana Sanga.
  • Thus, the influence of Rana Sangha gradually spread up to Pilia Khar, a small river in the neighbourhood of Agra. But, the establishment of the Mughal Empire in India by Babur in the Indo-Gangetic Valley was becoming a threat to Rana Sanga.
  • Sanga started preparations to expel Babur or to keep him confined to Punjab in any way. On the other hand, Babur accused Rana Sang of a breach of the agreement.
    • Babur used to say that Sanga had extended an invitation to him to come to India and promised to join his side in the struggle against Ibrahim Lodi, but Sanga did not keep his word even when Babur was occupying Delhi and Agra.
  • Furthermore, according to historian Satish Chandra, Sanga may have envisioned a long, drawn-out battle between Babur and Lodi, after which Sanga would be able to take control of the districts he desired.
  • According to Chandra, Sanga may have assumed that, like Timur, Babur would leave India after confiscating the treasures from Delhi and Agra.

Also, check out the article on India Under The Mughals with the linked article!

Events during the Battle of Khanwa
  • After understanding that Babur wanted to remain in India, Sanga set out to form a powerful alliance that would either drive Babur from India or imprisons him in Afghanistan.
  • Babur began hearing stories of Sanga’s approach towards Agra in the early months of 1527.
  • The conflict between Rana Sanga and Babur took place on March 17, 1527 AD. Along with Rana Sanga, Hasan Khan Mewati, Basin Chanderi, and Ibrahim Lodi’s brother Mahmud Lodi participated in this conflict.
  • Babur and his army arrived at Khanwa’s location close to Fatehpur Sikri to confront Rana Sanga’s army.
  • Babur selected Agra for the battle of Khanwa and the most intriguing fact is that Babur used the same Tulughma strategy against Ibrahim Lodi in the Battle of Khanwa that he used in the battle of Panipat.
  • Many rulers supported Rana Sangha including Ibrahim Lodi, his younger brother Mahmud Lodi and other Rajput rulers supported Rana Sanga by sending their regiments.
  • In the end the forces of Rana Sangha were defeated in the battle of Khanwa.

Study in detail about the Sayyid and Lodi Dynasties with this link!

Battle of Khanwa: Aftermath

In many Indian subcontinental armies, whether Mughal or not, artillery became the mainstay of battle as a result of the Battle of Khanwa. Soon, other Indian states started employing mercenaries to instruct their forces in the use of gunpowder, and some even started building their own cannons. Additionally, this conflict put a stop to the subcontinental forces’ previous military strategies. After getting victorious in the Khanwa battle, Mughal emperor Babur further strengthened his position by capturing Gwalior, Dholpur, Delhi-Agra Region, and Alwar from Mewat ruler Hasan Khan Mewati. After defeating Rana Sanga, Mughal emperor Babur targeted Medini Rai, ruler of Chanderi which resulted in the Battle of Chanderi.

Also, check out the article on the Second Battle of Panipat and Third Battle of Panipat with this link!

Conclusion

The Battle of Khanwa in 1527 was a decisive conflict that significantly contributed to the establishment of the Mughal Empire in India. Led by the skilled military strategist Babur, the Mughal forces faced and triumphed over the Rajput Confederacy under Rana Sanga. This victory not only solidified Babur's rule but also crushed the resurgence of Rajput powers. The Battle of Khanwa marked a turning point in the power dynamics of Northern India, setting the stage for subsequent Mughal dominance in the region. The strategic acumen displayed by Babur in this battle played a pivotal role in shaping the trajectory of Mughal rule on the Indian subcontinent.

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Battle of Khanwa FAQs

The Battle of Khanwa, fought on March 17, 1527, was won by the Mughal Emperor Babur. Babur's forces emerged victorious against the Rajput Confederacy led by Rana Sanga.

n the context of the Battle of Khanwa, the term "Jihad" refers to the religious zeal and motivation among the Rajput forces to resist the Mughal invaders. However, it's essential to note that the battle wasn't solely a religious conflict but rather a struggle for power and territory.

The Battle of Khanwa was fought between the Mughal Emperor Babur and the Rajput ruler Rana Sanga. It took place near the town of Khanwa in present-day Rajasthan, India. The Battle of Ghaghra, on the other hand, occurred in 1529 and involved Babur facing off against Sher Shah Suri near the Ghaghara River. Both battles were significant in shaping the political landscape of northern India during the early Mughal period.

Rana Sanga lost the Battle of Khanwa for several reasons. One key factor was the effective use of firearms and artillery by Babur's army, which gave the Mughals a technological advantage. Additionally, strategic maneuvering and tactics played a crucial role, with Babur demonstrating superior military strategy. The alliances among the Rajput forces were also not as cohesive as needed, contributing to their defeat.

Rana Sanga died in 1528, shortly after the Battle of Khanwa, and his death is generally attributed to injuries sustained in battle rather than poison. Historical accounts suggest that he succumbed to his wounds, marking the end of his resistance against the Mughal expansion in northern India.
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