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Home / IAS Preparation / The Bombay Presidency Association

The Bombay Presidency Association: Driving Sociopolitical Reform!

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The Bombay Presidency Association was founded in 1850. It aimed to work for the social, educational and economic progress of the Bombay Presidency.

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Bombay Presidency Association History

The Bombay Presidency Association came into being in 1850. Bombay's presidency was the west coast region controlled by the British East India Company. British rule expanded in this region, and they wanted to hear citizens' opinions and grievances.

  • In 1849, a severe outbreak of plague happened in Mumbai. The British government was slow to help citizens. Many citizens lost their lives. People realized that British rulers were not aware of citizens' problems. They wanted political and social reforms.
  • So in 1850, a group of citizens formed the Bombay Presidency Association. Its purpose was to represent citizens' demands on British rulers. The British agreed to look into citizens' issues if the Association formally submitted requests.
  • Initially, many British officials were against forming this Association. But progressive British officers supported it. They thought if citizens' demands were heard, people would be happy with British rule. So the Association got permission.
  • When it started, most members of the Association were Parsis and middle-class Hindus. Soon Muslim and merchant communities also joined. Members discussed citizens' issues and decided on changes needed. Through newspapers, they appealed to people to join them.
  • The Association held public meetings to discuss issues like high taxes, lack of hospitals, inefficient police, job opportunities and education reforms. Based on consensus, they submitted petitions to British authorities. The authorities considered some demands and made changes. This made members hopeful that citizens' conditions would improve.
  • The Association gained people's trust. Its membership grew rapidly. By 1853, it had over 5,000 members. The Association focused on social reforms too. Members campaigned against horrific traditions like child marriage and 'Sati.' Many women also joined and demanded equal rights for women.
  • The Association influenced social and political life in Mumbai a lot. It helped spread modern and progressive ideas. The British government also started giving importance to citizens' voices. But the Association mainly represented the interests of middle and upper-class citizens. It could not help the problems of poor workers and farmers much.

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Bombay Presidency Association Founders

The Bombay Presidency Association started in 1850. They wanted to work for the social, educational and economic development of Bombay. Some important people who began the Association were:

  • Dadabhai Naoroji: He was a famous teacher, politician and India's first Asian member of the British Parliament. He was the first President of the Bombay Presidency Association. Naoroji worked to encourage industry and spread the message of freedom and self-rule.
  • Justice Mahadev Ranade: He was a well-known judge, scholar and social reformer. He became the first Vice President of the Association. Ranade worked to promote social reforms like ending untouchability and women's education.
  • Sir Pherozeshah Mehta: He was one of the most important lawyers in Bombay. He served as the President of the Association from 1867 to 1896. Under his leadership, the Association did many social reform activities. Mehta campaigned for more rights for Indians under British rule.
  • Lokmanya Tilak: He was a freedom fighter and a mass leader. He joined the Association in 1876 and later became its President in 1899. Under Tilak's leadership, the Association became active in India's freedom struggle and spread the message of freedom among people.
  • Gopal Krishna Gokhale: He was an important political leader, speaker and social reformer. He was influenced by the Association's work and became a member in 1882. He advocated for changes in how British rule governed the Bombay Presidency.

Bombay Presidency Association Features

The Bombay Presidency Association worked to improve the lives of citizens living under British rule in the Bombay Presidency. Formed in 1850, it stood up for the rights of citizens from all backgrounds. Here are some major features of this important organization:

  • Wanted social changes - The Association focused on bringing social reforms. It opposed harmful traditions like sati and child marriage. It worked for women's rights and spread education. Members asked for hospitals, better living conditions, and job opportunities for citizens.
  • Represented citizens - The Association tried to represent the demands of citizens from different communities. It voiced the needs of middle-class citizens, merchants, workers, farmers and women. Members discussed issues faced by different groups and made petitions accordingly.
  • Worked within British rules - The Association knew it could only bring changes by working within the rules set by British authorities. So members formally submitted demands to officials and tried to convince them through discussions. They didn't openly challenge British rule.
  • Spread modern ideas - The Association worked to spread progressive and new thoughts in society. It shared the value of equal rights, justice and democracy. The Association helped political leaders emerge who later fought for India's independence.
  • Gained people's trust - Over time, as the Association consistently raised citizens' problems, more people joined as members to support its campaigns. Citizens realized that united efforts could bring reforms.
  • Mostly helped upper classes - Though the Association represented the demands of different groups, it mainly voiced the interests of middle and upper-class citizens. It struggled to find good solutions for problems faced by the working class and farmers.
  • Pushed for social reforms - The Association campaigned against traditions like sati and child marriage. It emphasized the need for education for all and rights for women. Members asked authorities to open more hospitals, improve sanitation and boost living standards.
  • Focus on negotiations - The Association believed changes could only happen through formal petitions and negotiations with British authorities. It didn't support protests or rebellion to achieve its goals.
  • Influenced later movements - The Association laid the foundation for India's independence movement by spreading ideas of equality, democracy and justice. Independent leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji were first active in this group.

Conclusion

The Bombay Presidency Association served as a platform for citizens to voice their demands and push for social reforms under British rule. Though it mostly helped the upper classes, it set the stage for India's freedom struggle by bringing citizens together and spreading progressive ideas.

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Bombay Presidency Association FAQs

It was the first official citizen group formed under British rule in 1850. It represented citizens' demands and grievances to the British East India Company rulers.

Its main objective was to improve the social and political conditions of citizens living in the Bombay Presidency by voicing their issues and pushing for reforms.

It supported women's rights, the spread of education, the abolishment of practices like sati and child marriage, and better living conditions through improved sanitation and hospitals.

Initially, its members were mostly Parsis and middle-class Hindus. Later Muslims and merchants also joined. By 1853, it had over 5,000 members.

It played an important role in bringing social reforms, spreading modern ideas and laying the foundation for India's freedom movement. However, it mainly represented the interests of upper-class citizens.
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