Quick Links
Quick Links
UPSC Exams
Latest Update
Coaching
UPSC Current Affairs
Syllabus
UPSC Notes
Previous Year Papers
UPSC Mains Previous Year Question Papers Last 25 Years UPSC Prelims Question Papers Last 10 Years UPSC Question Papers UPSC CSE Prelims 2025 Question Paper UPSC Mains 2024 Model Answers UPSC 2024 Question Papers UPSC 2023 Question Papers UPSC 2022 Question Papers UPSC 2021 Question Papers UPSC 2020 Question Papers UPSC 2019 Question Papers UPSC 2018 Question Papers UPSC 2017 Question Papers UPSC 2016 Question Papers UPSC 2015 Question Papers UPSC 2014 Question Papers UPSC CSAT Question Papers UPSC IFS Previous Year Paper UPSC Assistant Labour Commissioner Previous Question Year Papers UPSC Combined Geo Scientist Previous Year Paper UPSC APFC Previous Year Question Papers UPSC CMS Previous Year Question Paper UPSC EPFO Previous Year Paper UPSC Air Safety Officer Previous Year Papers UPSC SO Steno Previous Year Paper UPSC IES ISS Previous Year Question Papers
Mock Tests
UPSC Editorial
Bilateral Ties
Albania India Relations India Algeria Relations Andorra India Relations India Angola Relations India Antigua Barbuda Relations India Argentina Relations Austria India Relations India Azerbaijan Relations Bahamas India Relations India Bahrain Relations Barbados India Relations India Belarus Relations Belgium India Relations Belize India Relations Benin India Relations Bolivia India Relations India Bosnia Herzegovina Relations India Botswana Relations Brazil India Relations Brunei India Relations Bulgaria India Relations Burundi India Relations Cabo Verde India Relations India Cambodia Relations India Cameroon Relations Canada India Relations India Cayman Islands Relations India Central African Republic Relations India Chad Relations Chile India Relations India Colombia Relations India Comoros Relations India Democratic Republic Of The Congo Relations India Republic Of The Congo Relations India Cook Islands Relations India Costa Rica Relations India Ivory Coast Relations India Croatia Relations India Cyprus Relations India Czech Republic Relations India Djibouti Relations India Dominica Relations India Dominican Republic Relations India Ecuador Relations India El Salvador Relations India Equatorial Guinea Relations India Eritrea Relations Estonia India Relations India Ethiopia Relations India Fiji Relations India Finland Relations India Gabon Relations India Gambia Relations India Georgia Relations Germany India Relations India Ghana Relations India Greece Relations India Grenada Relations India Guatemala Relations India Guinea Relations India Guinea Bissau Relations India Guyana Relations India Haiti Relations India Holy See Relations India Honduras Relations India Hong Kong Relations India Hungary Relations India Iceland Relations India Indonesia Relations India Iran Relations India Iraq Relations India Ireland Relations India Jamaica Relations India Kazakhstan Relations India Kenya Relations India Kingdom Of Eswatini Relations India Kiribati Relations India Kuwait Relations India Kyrgyzstan Relations India Laos Relations Latvia India Relations India Lebanon Relations India Lesotho Relations India Liberia Relations Libya India Relations Liechtenstein India Relations India Lithuania Relations India Luxembourg Relations India Macao Relations Madagascar India Relations India Malawi Relations India Mali Relations India Malta Relations India Marshall Islands Relations India Mauritania Relations India Micronesia Relations India Moldova Relations Monaco India Relations India Montenegro Relations India Montserrat Relations India Morocco Relations Mozambique India Relations India Namibia Relations India Nauru Relations Netherlands India Relations India Nicaragua Relations India Niger Relations India Nigeria Relations India Niue Relations India North Macedonia Relations Norway India Relations India Palau Relations India Panama Relations India Papua New Guinea Relations India Paraguay Relations Peru India Relations India Philippines Relations Qatar India Relations India Romania Relations Rwanda India Relations India Saint Kitts And Nevis Relations India Saint Lucia Relations India Saint Vincent And Grenadines Relations India Samoa Relations India Sao Tome And Principe Relations Saudi Arabia India Relations India Senegal Relations Serbia India Relations India Sierra Leone Relations India Singapore Relations India Slovak Republic Relations India Slovenia Relations India Solomon Islands Relations Somalia India Relations India South Sudan Relations India Spain Relations India Sudan Relations Suriname India Relations India Sweden Relations India Syria Relations India Tajikistan Relations Tanzania India Relations India Togo Relations India Tonga Islands Relations India Trinidad And Tobago Relations India Tunisia Relations India Turkmenistan Relations India Turks And Caicos Islands Relations India Tuvalu Relations India Uganda Relations India Ukraine Relations India Uae Relations India Uruguay Relations India Uzbekistan Relations India Vanuatu Relations India Venezuela Relations India British Virgin Islands Relations Yemen India Relations India Zambia Relations India Zimbabwe Relations
Books
Government Schemes
Production Linked Incentive Scheme Integrated Processing Development Scheme Rodtep Scheme Amended Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme Saathi Scheme Uday Scheme Hriday Scheme Samagra Shiksha Scheme India Nishta Scheme Stand Up India Scheme Sahakar Mitra Scheme Mdms Mid Day Meal Scheme Integrated Child Protection Scheme Vatsalya Scheme Operation Green Scheme Nai Roshni Scheme Nutrient Based Subsidy Scheme Kalia Scheme Ayushman Sahakar Scheme Nirvik Scheme Fame India Scheme Kusum Scheme Pm Svanidhi Scheme Pmvvy Scheme Pm Aasha Scheme Pradhan Mantri Mahila Shakti Kendra Scheme Pradhan Mantri Lpg Panjayat Scheme Mplads Scheme Svamitva Scheme Pat Scheme Udan Scheme Ek Bharat Shresth Bharat Scheme National Pension Scheme Ujala Scheme Operation Greens Scheme Gold Monetisation Scheme Family Planning Insurance Scheme Target Olympic Podium Scheme
Topics
NASA Space Missions
NASA Mercury-Redstone 3 (Freedom 7) Mission NASA Mercury-Redstone 4 (Liberty Bell 7) Mission NASA Mercury-Atlas 6 (Friendship 7) Mission NASA Mercury-Atlas 7 (Aurora 7) Mission NASA Mercury-Atlas 8 (Sigma 7) Mission NASA Mercury-Atlas 9 (Faith 7) Mission NASA Gemini 3 Mission NASA Gemini 4 Mission NASA Gemini 5 Mission NASA Gemini 7 Mission NASA Gemini 8 Mission NASA Gemini 9 Mission NASA Gemini 10 Mission NASA Gemini 11 Mission NASA Gemini 12 Mission NASA Apollo 1 (AS‑204) Mission NASA Apollo 7 Mission NASA Apollo 8 Mission NASA Apollo 9 Mission NASA Apollo 10 Mission NASA Apollo 11 Mission NASA Apollo 12 Mission NASA Apollo 13 Mission NASA Apollo 14 Mission NASA Apollo 15 Mission NASA Apollo 16 Mission NASA Apollo 17 Mission NASA Skylab Orbital Workshop Mission NASA Skylab 2 Mission NASA Skylab 3 Mission NASA Skylab 4 Mission NASA Apollo–Soyuz Test Project Mission NASA STS‑1 Columbia Mission NASA STS‑3 Columbia Mission NASA STS‑7 Challenger Mission NASA STS‑8 Challenger Mission NASA STS‑41B Challenger Mission NASA STS‑41G Discovery (1st female EVA) Mission NASA STS‑51L Challenger (accident) Mission NASA STS‑26 Discovery (Return‑to‑Flight) Mission NASA STS‑31 Discovery (Hubble Launch) Mission NASA STS‑49 Endeavour (first capture EVA) Mission NASA STS‑61 Endeavour (Hubble Servicing 1) Mission NASA STS‑73 Columbia (microgravity) Mission NASA STS‑95 Discovery (John Glenn returns) Mission NASA STS‑107 Columbia (accident) Mission NASA STS‑114 Discovery (RTF‑2) Mission NASA STS‑120 Discovery (Node 2) Mission NASA STS‑125 Atlantis (Final Hubble Service) Mission NASA STS‑132 Atlantis Mission NASA STS‑135 Atlantis (Final Shuttle flight) Mission NASA Artemis I (Orion/ SLS‑1) Mission NASA Artemis II (Planned) Mission NASA Artemis III (Planned lunar landing) Mission NASA Mariner 4 Mission NASA Mariner 6 Mission NASA Mariner 7 Mission NASA Mariner 9 Mission NASA Viking 1 Orbiter/Lander Mission NASA Viking 2 Orbiter/Lander Mission NASA Mars Pathfinder & Sojourner Mission NASA Mars Global Surveyor Mission NASA 2001 Mars Odyssey Mission NASA Mars Exploration Rover – Spirit Mission NASA Mars Exploration Rover – Opportunity Mission NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Mission NASA Phoenix Mars Lander Mission NASA InSight Mars Lander Mission NASA Mars 2020 (Perseverance & Ingenuity) Mission NASA Mars Sample Return – SRL (planned) Mission NASA Pioneer 10 Mission NASA Pioneer 11 Mission NASA Voyager 1 Mission NASA Voyager 2 Mission NASA Galileo Jupiter Orbiter/Probe Mission NASA Cassini–Huygens Mission NASA New Horizons (Pluto & KBO) Mission NASA Juno Mission NASA Europa Clipper (planned) Mission NASA Parker Solar Probe Mission NASA Solar Orbiter (ESA/NASA) Mission NASA Surveyor 1 Mission NASA Lunar Orbiter 1 Mission NASA Lunar Prospector Mission NASA LCROSS Mission NASA LADEE Mission NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Mission NASA CAPSTONE Mission NASA VIPER Rover (planned) Mission NASA NEAR Shoemaker Mission NASA Deep Space 1 Mission NASA Stardust Mission NASA Genesis Mission NASA Deep Impact Mission NASA Dawn (Vesta/Ceres) Mission NASA OSIRIS‑REx Mission NASA Lucy Mission NASA DART Mission NASA Landsat‑1 (ERTS‑1) Mission NASA Landsat‑5 Mission NASA Landsat‑9 Mission NASA Terra Mission NASA Aqua Mission NASA Aura Mission NASA Suomi NPP Mission NASA Sentinel‑6 Michael Freilich Mission NASA ICESat‑2 Mission NASA GRACE‑FO Mission NASA SMAP Mission NASA GPM Core Observatory Mission NASA CALIPSO Mission NASA CloudSat Mission NASA NISAR (NASA‑ISRO) Mission NASA Explorer 1 Mission NASA COBE Mission NASA Compton Gamma Ray Observatory Mission NASA Hubble Space Telescope Mission NASA Chandra X‑ray Observatory Mission NASA Spitzer Space Telescope Mission NASA WISE Mission NASA Kepler Mission NASA TESS Mission NASA Fermi Gamma‑ray Space Telescope Mission NASA NICER Mission NASA IXPE Mission NASA Roman Space Telescope (planned) Mission NASA NuSTAR Mission NASA GALEX Mission NASA Swift Mission NASA SOHO (ESA/NASA) Mission NASA Cluster II (ESA/NASA) Mission NASA TIMED Mission NASA STEREO‑A/B Mission NASA MMS Mission NASA IRIS Mission NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory Mission NASA X‑37B OTV‑1 (USAF/NASA liaison) Mission NASA X‑59 QueSST Mission NASA Mars Helicopter Ingenuity Mission NASA Valkyrie R5 Robot Mission NASA Low‑Boom Flight Demo Mission NASA CRS‑1 Dragon Mission NASA CRS‑1 Cygnus Mission NASA Crew Dragon Demo‑2 Mission NASA Starliner OFT‑2 Mission NASA STS-2 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-4 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-5 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-6 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-41C (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-41D (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-51A (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-61C (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-26 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-27 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-29 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-30 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-32 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-34 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-38 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-45 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-60 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-70 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-71 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-73 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-88 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-92 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-97 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-99 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-100 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-104 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-106 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-110 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-112 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-115 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-116 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-117 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-118 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-120 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-122 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-123 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-126 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA STS-130 (Shuttle flight) Mission NASA Vanguard 1 Mission NASA Transit 1B Mission NASA Echo 1 Mission NASA Telstar 1 Mission NASA Syncom 3 Mission NASA ATS‑6 Mission NASA Skynet Mission NASA Nimbus‑1 Mission NASA Nimbus‑7 Mission NASA ERS-1 Mission NASA SeaSat Mission NASA QuikSCAT Mission NASA Jason‑1 Mission NASA Jason‑3 Mission NASA ICESat Mission NASA Earth Observing‑1 Mission NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory‑2 Mission NASA CYGNSS Mission NASA PACE Mission NASA TRMM Mission NASA Terrestrial Planet Finder (cxl) Mission NASA Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) Mission NASA Explorer 33 Mission NASA Voyager Interstellar Mission Mission NASA Helios‑A Mission NASA Helios‑B Mission NASA ISEE‑3 (ICE) Mission NASA ACE Mission NASA DSCOVR Mission NASA IBEX Mission NASA Solar Orbiter Heliospheric Imager Mission NASA SAGE‑III ISS Mission NASA SPACE Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Mission NASA ARIEL (ESA/NASA) Mission NASA OSAM‑1 (Restore‑L) Mission NASA Dragonfly (Titan rotorcraft) Mission NASA VERITAS (Venus orbiter) Mission NASA DAVINCI (Venus probe) Mission NASA SPHEREx Mission NASA MAGGIE (Mars Geophysical) Mission NASA CLPS – Peregrine Mission NASA CLPS – VIPER Delivery Mission NASA CAPSTONE Mission NASA Gateway (HALO / PPE) Mission NASA Mars Telecommunication Orbiter (cxl) Mission NASA Mars Polar Lander (MPL) Mission NASA Mars Climate Orbiter Mission NASA Pathfinder Mission Mission NASA SLS Block 1B (Exploration Upper Stage) Mission NASA Orion Crew Module Mission NASA Commercial LEO Destinations – Axiom Station Mission NASA ISS Expedition 1 Mission NASA ISS Expedition 70 Mission NASA CRS‑11 (Dragon) Mission NASA CRS‑21 (Dragon 2) Mission NASA Snoopy CubeSat Mission
Home / IAS Preparation / Indus Water Treaty (IWT) 1960 UPSC Notes

Indus Water Treaty (IWT) 1960 UPSC Notes: Key Provisions & Reasons for Suspension

Last Updated on May 30, 2025
Also Read Indus Water Treaty (IWT) 1960 UPSC Notes in Hindi
Download As PDF
IMPORTANT LINKS
Agriculture Notes For UPSC Public Administration UPSC Notes Modern History Books For UPSC Overseas Citizen Of India Caste System & Panchayati Raj Godavari River Federalism Indira Point New Development Bank Battle Of Sinhagad Sankalp And Strive Schemes Digital India High Yielding Varieties Economic Growth Development League Of Nations Ease Of Doing Business Mid Day Meal Scheme Wildlife Protection Act 1972 UPSC Notes International Union Conservation Nature

The Indus Water Treaty (IWT) is a major water-sharing treaty between India and Pakistan in 1960 facilitated by the World Bank. It regulates the sharing of water from the Indus River and its tributaries to ensure peaceful cooperation between the two countries over this precious resource. The treaty allocates control over the six rivers of the Indus basin—three to each country—while establishing mechanisms for dispute resolution and cooperation.

This topic is pertinent to the General Studies Paper I and General Studies Paper II of the UPSC Civil Services Examination. Understanding the Indus Water Treaty is crucial for comprehending India's foreign policy, international relations, and resource management strategies.

Download the UPSC Practice Questions on Indus Water Treaty for Prelims & Mains!

GS Paper

General Studies Paper I, General Studies Paper II

Topics for UPSC Prelims

International Agreements, Rivers of India

Topics for UPSC Mains

Importance of IWT in maintaining dialogue during high tensions, India-Pakistan Relations

What is the Indus Water Treaty?

The Indus Water Treaty is an agreement between India and Pakistan that allocates the use of the waters of the Indus River and its tributaries. Signed on September 19, 1960, the treaty divides the six rivers of the Indus basin into two groups:

  • Eastern Rivers: Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej—allocated to India.
  • Western Rivers: Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab—allocated to Pakistan.

Here is your content neatly arranged in a two-column table format:

Aspect

Details

Signed in

1960

Signatories

India and Pakistan

Mediator

World Bank

Objective

To allocate and regulate the waters of the Indus River system between the two countries

Eastern Rivers (India)

Ravi, Beas, Sutlej

Western Rivers (Pakistan)

Indus, Jhelum, Chenab (India allowed limited non-consumptive use)

Permanent Indus Commission

Bilateral commission for cooperation and information exchange

Dispute Resolution: Questions

Handled by Permanent Indus Commission (PIC)

Dispute Resolution: Differences

Resolved by a Neutral Expert (appointed by World Bank)

Dispute Resolution: Disputes

Referred to a Court of Arbitration (set up by the World Bank)

Pakistan’s Objections

Concerns over India's hydropower projects on Western Rivers (e.g., Kishanganga, Ratle)

Dispute Resolution Deadlock

Pakistan prefers Court of Arbitration; India prefers Neutral Expert

World Bank’s Role

Appoints Neutral Experts and facilitates dispute discussions

India’s Stance on Treaty

Suspension of the Treaty w.e.f. April 23rd, 2025

The treaty provides Pakistan with unrestricted use of the western rivers, while India has rights to the eastern rivers. Additionally, India is permitted to use the western rivers for certain non-consumptive purposes, such as hydroelectric power generation, subject to specific guidelines.

Read the article on the International Conventions!

Latest News on the Indus Water Treaty

In a significant development with far-reaching implications for India-Pakistan relations, India has suspended the Indus Water Treaty (IWT). The move, according to various reports, follows a fatal militant attack in Indian-held Kashmir on April 22, 2025, for which India has squarely blamed Pakistan.

  • Reason for Suspension: India has explicitly linked the suspension to Pakistan's alleged support for cross-border terrorism. The treaty will remain in abeyance until Pakistan "credibly and irrevocably abjures its support for cross-border terrorism."
  • Immediate Effect: The suspension is with immediate effect as of April 23, 2025.
  • Impact on Water Flow: This action may enable India to prevent the water flow from the Indus River and its five tributaries (Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej) into Pakistan. These tributaries are a vital source of water for Pakistan, particularly for irrigation and feeding a massive population.
  • Other Actions Taken by India: Alongside the suspension of the IWT, India has also taken the following measures:
    • Downgrading Diplomatic Ties: Reduction in the staff strength of High Commissions in both countries from 55 to 30 by May 1, 2025.
    • Expulsion of Diplomats: All defence, naval, military, and air advisors in the Pakistani High Commission in New Delhi have been declared persona non grata and given a week to leave. India will reciprocally withdraw its military attaches from Islamabad.
    • Closure of Attari Border: The Attari Integrated Check Post has been closed with immediate effect, with exceptions only for those with valid endorsements who crossed before May 1, 2025.
    • SAARC Visa Ban: Travel under the SAARC Visa Exemption (SVE) scheme has been revoked for all Pakistani citizens, and existing visas are canceled. Those currently in India under this arrangement were given 48 hours to leave. 

Background of the Indus Water Treaty 1960

The Indus Water Treaty was the result of nine years of negotiations between India and Pakistan, facilitated by the World Bank. The need for such an agreement arose due to the partition of British India in 1947, which led to disputes over the control and use of the Indus River system. The World Bank played a pivotal role in mediating discussions and drafting the treaty to ensure equitable water distribution and prevent potential conflicts over this vital resource.

Read the article on the Important Cities on the Banks of Rivers!

FREEMentorship Program by
Ravi Kapoor, Ex-IRS
UPSC Exam-Hacker, Author, Super Mentor, MA
100+ Success Stories
Key Highlights
Achieve your Goal with our mentorship program, offering regular guidance and effective exam strategies.
Cultivate a focused mindset for exam success through our mentorship program.
2 Lakh+ Students Mentored Get
Get Free Mentorship Now
UPSC Beginners Program

Get UPSC Beginners Program SuperCoaching @ just

₹50000

Claim for free
Want to know more about this pass ?
Explore SuperCoaching

Key Provisions of the Indus Water Treaty 1960

Some of the major provisions of the Indus water treaty include the following:

Water Allocation

  • Eastern Rivers: India has full control over the Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej rivers.
  • Western Rivers: Pakistan has unrestricted use of the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab rivers.

Non-Consumptive Uses

India is allowed to use the western rivers for certain non-consumptive purposes, including:

  • Hydroelectric power generation (with specific guidelines).
  • Navigation.
  • Flood control.

Dispute Resolution Mechanism

The treaty establishes a Permanent Indus Commission, comprising Indus Commissioners from both countries, to address and resolve issues related to the implementation of the treaty. In case of disagreements, the treaty provides for the appointment of a Neutral Expert or the establishment of a Court of Arbitration to resolve disputes.

Future Modifications

Article XII(3) of the treaty allows for modifications to its provisions, provided both parties agree to the changes through a duly ratified treaty. This clause has been invoked by India to request a review and modification of the treaty in light of changing circumstances.

Read the article on the Brahmaputra River System!

Challenges Faced by the Indus Water Treaty

Some of the major challenges faced by the Indus Waters Treaty are:

  • The treaty has faced challenges due to political tensions between India and Pakistan. Disputes over the construction of hydroelectric projects on the western rivers have led to concerns in Pakistan about the potential impact on its water supply.
  • Environmental changes, such as climate change and shifting rainfall patterns, have affected the flow of the rivers, impacting water availability and necessitating updates to the treaty's provisions.
  • Cross-border terrorism has disrupted the implementation of the treaty, with incidents affecting infrastructure related to water management and raising concerns about the security of water resources.

Read the article on India's Relations with Neighbouring Countries!

Projects to be Inspected Under the Indus Treaty

Under the provisions of the Indus Water Treaty, certain projects require inspection and approval by the Permanent Indus Commission to ensure compliance with the treaty's guidelines. These projects include:

  • Hydroelectric Projects: Any new hydroelectric projects on the western rivers must be designed and constructed in accordance with the treaty's provisions.
  • Storage Facilities: Construction of storage facilities on the western rivers requires prior approval to assess their impact on downstream flows.
  • Diversion Schemes: Any schemes to divert water from the western rivers must be examined to ensure they do not adversely affect Pakistan's water rights.

Indus River and its Tributaries

The Indus River is one of the longest rivers in the world, originating from the Tibetan Plateau and flowing through China, India, and Pakistan. It is the primary source of water for Pakistan and plays a crucial role in the agriculture and economy of the region.

Tributaries of the Indus River

The Indus River is fed by several major tributaries, which are divided into eastern and western groups:

  • Eastern Tributaries: Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej—allocated to India under the Indus Water Treaty. These rivers flow primarily through India before merging into the Indus River in Pakistan.
  • Western Tributaries: Jhelum, Chenab, and Indus itself—allocated for Pakistan's unrestricted use. These rivers originate or flow through India-administered territories like Jammu and Kashmir before entering Pakistan.

Together, these rivers form the Indus River Basin, which supports millions of people and vast agricultural regions in both countries. The careful sharing and management of these waters are essential for regional stability.

Testbook is one of the leading Edu-tech platforms. You can prepare for SSC, banking, UPSC, Railway and various other exams with the help of the Testbook App!

More Articles for IAS Preparation

Indus Water Treaty UPSC FAQs

The Sindhu River, also known as the Indus River, originates in the Tibetan Plateau in China, flows through Ladakh in India, and enters Pakistan, where it flows into the Arabian Sea.

The Indus River system includes six main rivers: the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab (Western), and the Ravi, Beas, Sutlej (Eastern). The system provides water for irrigation, drinking, and electricity for millions in India and Pakistan.

The left bank tributaries of the Indus River are the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej.

The Indus Waters Treaty is an agreement signed in 1960 between India and Pakistan for sharing the waters of the Indus River and its tributaries.

It was signed between India and Pakistan with the help of the World Bank in 1960.

The Permanent Indus Commission, with one commissioner from each country, manages the treaty's day-to-day working.
Report An Error
Exams Tests Super Practice