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Home / IAS Preparation / Jungle Bachao Andolan (JBA)

Jungle Bachao Andolan (JBA) - Background, Pillars, Achievements and Significance of the JJBA

Last Updated on Dec 05, 2024
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The Jungle Bachao Andolan (JBA) was a significant environmental movement that emerged in the early 1980s. The Jungle Bachao Andolan movement is believed to have originated in Bihar (now Jharkhand). It then gradually expanded to other states, such as Odisha. It is popularly known as Jharkhand Jungle Bachao Andolan. 

The movement aimed to protect the environment and the rights of indigenous people from the impacts of the commercial projects being proposed in the region. Through its four pillars, viz., the Gram Sabha, Forest Protection Committees, Women's Cooperatives, and Youth Forums, the JJBA aimed to empower local communities. It encouraged them to engage in activities related to forest management and conservation.

The Jungle Bachao Andolan (JBA) is one of the important topics for the UPSC IAS exam. It is a part of the Environment subject in the Mains General Studies Paper-III syllabus. It is also a part of the General Studies Paper-1 of the UPSC Prelims Syllabus.

In this article, we shall study about Jungle Bachao Andolan (JBA) in detail. We will study the Background and Importance of the Movement. The article also covers the Four pillars and the Achievements of the Jungle Bachao Movement as required for the UPSC exam.

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Background of Jungle Bachao Andolan

Jungle Bachao Andolan translates to "Save the Forest Movement." This was a significant environmental movement in India during the 1980s and 1990s. The movement was started by the local people who were concerned about rapid deforestation.

  • The Indian government proposed to grow commercial teak plantations in place of the natural Sal forest in Singhbhum District, Bihar (now Jharkhand). 
    • This gave rise to the Jungle Bachao Andolan (JBA) in the early 1980s. 
  • Local communities opposed this project strongly. They were worried about how the plantations would affect the environment and their way of life.
  • The protesters planned rallies and public awareness campaigns to bring attention to the problem.
  • The protests were successful. The government eventually dropped its plans to convert the Sal woods into commercial teak plantations. 
  • This success served as motivation for environmental activists all over India. 
    • It provided the impetus for the larger Jungle Bachao Andolan movement. This was formed in the 1990s to safeguard the nation's forests.
  • The Jungle Bachao movement as a whole gathered momentum in the early 1990s. However, its origins may be seen in the early 1980s.

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What is Jungle Bachao Andolan?

The Jungle Bachao Andolan emerged in the early 1980s in the Indian state of Jharkhand. The Jharkhand Jungle Bachao Andolan played a significant role in bringing the issues of Adivasis to the forefront. It helped in promoting their rights and well-being.

  • Jharkhand is rich in natural resources such as minerals, forests, and water. The region is also home to a significant indigenous population. 
    • This comprises various tribes such as Munda, Ho, and Santhal.
  • Since 1947, the Indian government has pursued a policy of industrialization and economic growth. This has often come at the cost of the environment and the rights of the local population. 
  • In Jharkhand, large-scale commercial projects such as mining, dams, and power plants were being proposed. These were implemented without proper consent from the local communities. 
    • It had a significant impact on the Adivasi (indigenous) communities living in the forest areas of Jharkhand.
  • The Jungle Bachao Andolan movement aimed to protect the forests and the rights of the people living in them. 
  • The Adivasi communities had been living in harmony with the forests for generations. Deforestation and degradation threatened their way of life. 
  • The Adivasi communities had been facing displacement due to large-scale commercial projects. 
  • The Jungle Bachao Andolan highlighted the importance of preserving the forests and the rights of the Adivasi communities. It also helped to raise awareness about their plight.
    • The movement helped empower the Adivasi communities, giving them a voice in the decision-making process. 

Click on this link to download the notes on the India State of Forest Report 2021 for UPSC!

Importance of Jungle Bachao Andolan 

Here are some key points highlighting the importance of Jharkhand Jungle Bachao Andolan:

  • The movement aimed to protect the adverse effects of large-scale commercial projects on the environment. It includes:
    • the construction of hydroelectric dams and 
    • the logging of forests in the Himalayan region. 
  • The movement raised awareness of the adverse effects of commercial projects on the environment. This included the following:
    • displacement of indigenous communities, 
    • loss of biodiversity, and 
    • ecological imbalance.
  • It brought attention to the issue of deforestation and the need for forest conservation in India.
  • The movement also aimed to protect the rights of the indigenous people.
    • It promoted sustainable development practices that focus on the well-being of the local communities and the environment.
  • It also helped to raise awareness about the importance of preserving the environment for future generations. 
  • The movement's efforts led to the introduction of laws that emphasized environmental conservation. 
  • The Jharkhand Jungle Bachao Andolan inspired similar movements for environmental conservation and social justice in India.

The movement was a significant milestone in the history of India's environmental activism. It showcased the power of people's movements to effect change.

Click on this link to download the notes on the Tharu Tribe in India for UPSC!

Four Pillars of the Movement 

The Jharkhand Jungle Bachao Andolan (JJBA) was based on four pillars which include the following:

The Pillars of the JJBA

Pillars

Significance

Gram Sabha (Village Council)
  • The JJBA aimed to empower Gram Sabhas.
  • It recognized the Gram Sabha as a critical institution for the protection of forests and the rights of indigenous people. 
  • It gave them the authority to make decisions related to forest management and the use of forest resources.

Forest Protection Committee
  • The JJBA formed Forest Protection Committees (FPCs) to monitor and protect forests from activities that threaten the environment and the rights of local communities. This included illegal logging, mining, etc.
  • The FPCs were composed of members from the local communities.

Women's Cooperatives


 
  • The JJBA formed women's Cooperatives to empower women. 
  • It provided them with opportunities to participate in decision-making related to forest management and conservation.

Youth Forum (Bal Akhra)
  • The JJBA recognized the importance of youth in promoting environmental conservation. 
  • The movement formed youth forums (Bal Akhras) to engage young people in activities related to forest management.

The above four pillars formed the basis of the JJBA's approach to environmental conservation and sustainable development. 

Click on this link to download the notes on the Gond Tribe in India for UPSC!

Achievements of Jungle Bachao Andolan 

The Jungle Bachao Andolan (JBA) was a significant environmental movement in India. Here are some of its achievements:

  • The JBA highlighted the link between the environment and the livelihoods of local communities. This helped to garner support for its cause.
  • The JBA was successful in stopping several large-scale commercial projects that threatened the forests. 
  • The JBA's efforts were recognized by the Indian government.
    • Its advocacy led to the creation of the National Forest Policy 1988. 
    • The policy focused on the conservation of forests and sustainable development practices.
  • The JBA inspired other environmental movements in India. 
    • The Chipko movement was a direct offshoot of the JBA. 
    • It played a critical role in raising awareness about the importance of forests in the Indian Himalayas.

Click on this link to download the notes on the Indian Tribes for UPSC!

Conclusion

The Jharkhand Jungle Bachao Andolan was a significant movement in India. It aimed to protect the environment and the rights of indigenous people in Jharkhand. The movement was based on the principles of community empowerment, sustainable development, and environmental conservation. The Jharkhand Jungle Bachao Andolan continues to inspire environmental movements around the world. It highlights the importance of community-led initiatives in promoting environmental conservation. 

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Jungle Bachao Andolan FAQs

The tribal communities of the Singhbhum district in Bihar initiated the Jungle Bachao Andolan.

The JJBA was primarily focused on preserving the forests in the state of Jharkhand, which was then a part of the larger state of Bihar.

The Jungle Bachao Andolan is commonly referred to as Greed Game political populism. It was called so since the government proposed to replace the natural sal forests with expensive teak.

The Jungle Bachao Andolan aimed to protect the forests and the rights of indigenous people, threatened by large-scale commercial projects.

The Jungle Bachao Andolan (JBA) started in the early 1980s.
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