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Home / IAS Preparation / List of Important Committees and Commissions in India

List of Important Committees and Commissions in India - UPSC Notes

Last Updated on Mar 17, 2025
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The constitutional and socio-economic landscape of India has been shaped to a great extent by the various committees and commissions that have been established over the years. The term "important committees and commissions in India" refers to the expert panels and investigative bodies. These have been formed by the government to provide recommendations on a wide range of issues. It ranges from governance reforms and economic policies to social justice, educational advancements, and much more. These bodies have played critical roles in evaluating existing systems. They have proposed changes based on evidence and expert opinion, guiding legislative and policy reforms.

This is an important topic for aspirants of the UPSC Civil Services Examination as it falls in more than one category of the General Studies papers. It specifically relates to General Studies Paper I, which deals with History, Art & Culture, Society; General Studies Paper II, which includes Polity, Governance, Social Justice, and International Relations; and General Studies Paper III, which encompasses Economic Development, Technology, Environment, Bio-diversity, Security, and Disaster Management.

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Centre-State financial relations based on the Finance Commission’s recommendations, Role of National Human Rights Commission in protecting human rights.

Important Committees and Commissions in India

Committees and commissions in India have greatly defined the country's policies and reforms. The Mandal Commission, for instance, was set up in 1979 in an attempt to work on improving the number of backward classes in jobs and education. The Narasimham Committee was established in 1991 and 1998. It suggested important changes in reforming banks. Sarkaria Commission was the first that looked into the state and central governments and their relation in 1983. The Justice Verma Committee (2013) addressed the issue of women's safety. It was formed post the 2012 Delhi gang rape. Kothari Commission (1964) worked on education. All these committees have been helpful for the government. They have aided in making better decisions and bringing positive changes in the lives of people.

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List of Important Committees and Commissions in India

The table below gives the list of committees & commissions formed in India:

List of Important Committees and Commissions in India

Committee/Commission

Description

Sarkaria Commission (1983)

Explored the relation and power of the state with central governments.

Nanavati-Mehta Commission (2002)

Probed into the 2002 Gujarat riots.

Liberhan Commission (1992)

Investigated the Babri Masjid demolition.

Mandal Commission (1979)

Recommended reservation for OBCs in government jobs and educational institutions.

National Commission for Scheduled Castes (2004)

Tracks and protects the interests of Scheduled Castes.

Nanavati Commission (1984)

Investigated the 1984 anti-Sikh riots.

Kaka Kalelkar Commission (1955)

First commission to identify socially and educationally backward classes.

Hunter Commission (1882)

Reviewed the status of education in India during British rule.

Fazl Ali Commission (1953)

Recommended the reorganization of states on a linguistic basis.

Administrative Reforms Commission (1966, 2005)

Recommended various administrative reforms in government structures.

Kothari Commission (1964)

Provided comprehensive recommendations for educational reforms.

National Commission for Women (1992)

Safeguards and promotes the interests of women.

Law Commission of India (1955)

Reforms and codifies existing laws to adapt to current needs.

Punchhi Commission (2007)

Further examined Centre-State relations and recommended solutions.

Kelkar Committee (2012)

Recommended defense procurement policy reforms.

Malimath Committee (2000)

Suggested reforms in the criminal justice system.

Second Administrative Reforms Commission (2005)

Suggested extensive reforms in governance and public administration.

Swaminathan Committee (2004-2006)

Recommended agrarian reforms and measures for agricultural productivity.

Justice Verma Committee (2013)

Recommended legal reforms regarding sexual assault and women’s safety.

Justice Srikrishna Commission (1992)

Studied the Bombay riots of 1992-93.

Hota Committee (2004)

Proposals for civil services reforms.

Finance Commission (Periodic)

Allocation of financial resources by central and state governments.

Venkatachaliah Commission (2000)

Study on the working of the Constitution of India.

Mehta Committee (1963)

Proposals for Panchayati Raj Institutions.

L. M. Singhvi Committee (1986)

Strengthening the Panchayati Raj system with constitutional amendments.

Balwant Rai Mehta Committee (1957)

Proposed democratic decentralization and establishment of a three-tier Panchayati Raj system.

Narasimham Committee (1991, 1998)

Recommended banking sector reforms.

Gadgil Committee (2011)

Assessed and recommended measures for ecological preservation in the Western Ghats.

Rangarajan Committee (2008)

Advised on the pricing and taxation of petroleum products.

Kirit Parikh Committee (2013)

Recommended new policies for petroleum product pricing.

Shanta Kumar Committee (2015)

Recommended restructuring of the Food Corporation of India (FCI).

TSR Subramanian Committee (2014)

Recommended reforms in India's environmental laws and policies.

Vijay Kelkar Committee (2012)

Reviewed fiscal consolidation and suggested measures to curb fiscal deficit.

Bibek Debroy Committee (2016)

Suggested restructuring of the Indian Railways.

Mashelkar Committee (2003)

Reviewed the framework governing drug regulations and suggested reforms.

P.J. Nayak Committee (2014)

Recommended changes in governance of public sector banks.

Shah Commission (1977)

Investigated excesses during the Emergency period.

Suresh Tendulkar Committee (2009)

Recommended methodologies for estimating poverty.

Kasturirangan Committee (2012)

Recommended measures for the preservation of the Western Ghats.

Justice Ranganath Misra Commission (2004)

Conducted a study on diversity and presented recommendations for minorities' reservations.

Ashok Dalwai Committee (2016)

Formulated a strategy to double farmers' income by 2022.

Wadhwa Committee (2008)

Conducted an investigation on the functioning of the Public Distribution System (PDS) in India.

Justice BN Srikrishna Committee (2017)

Recommended data protection laws to ensure individual privacy.

NITI Aayog (2015)

Replaced the Planning Commission and functions as a policy think tank.

Urjit Patel Committee (2013)

Recommended changes for monetary policy framework and inflation targeting.

Nachiket Mor Committee (2013)

Recommendations on comprehensive financial services for small businesses and low-income households.

High-Level Committee on CSR (2015)

Reviewed the CSR framework and suggested modifications to ensure better implementation.

Bibek Debroy Task Force (2017)

Explored employment opportunities through the formalization of the economy.

Satwant Reddy Committee (2009)

Assessed the regulatory framework for drug registration.

Anil Kakodkar Committee (2010)

Recommended reforms for higher education in India.

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Important Committees and Commissions in India UPSC FAQs

Through in-depth reports and recommendations on administrative, legal, economic, and social change, these organizations determine governance. In most instances, their work contributes to some major policy modifications and changes in acts and laws of the land.

The Mandal Commission, set up in 1979, brought much-needed agitation for reservations within the government apparatus and educational circles for Other Backward Classes (OBCs). This helped with the cause for social justice.

Contributions of the Narasimham Committee The Narasimham Committee, through its recommendations of 1991 and 1998, greatly contributed to liberalization and reform of the Indian banking sector in terms of measures for improving operational efficiency and strengthening the financial structure.

The main goal of the Administrative Reforms Commission, established in 1966 and reconstituted in 2005, was to suggest measures for improving the efficiency of India's administrative machinery through modernization and restructuring governmental systems and processes.

The Kothari Commission proposed the necessity of overall educational reforms, including structuring a uniform education system, improving the quality of teachers, and giving due importance to science and technology in the curriculum.

The Liberhan Commission, which investigated the Babri Masjid demolition case, brought various aspects of governance, law, and political accountability into the open. Its findings and recommendations shape the discourse on communal harmony and the rule of law.

Committees and commissions in India play a crucial role in assessing various issues, providing expert recommendations, and guiding the formulation of policies and laws. They help ensure that reforms are evidence-based and comprehensive.
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