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Home / IAS Preparation / National Commission for Backward Classes

National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC): India's Step towards Social Justice

Last Updated on Jan 06, 2024
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The journey of a country is charted by the progressive strides it takes, and one of such strides in India's socio-political landscape has been the formation of the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC). This body, primarily formed to ensure social justice, represents the efforts made towards a more egalitarian society.

Source: NCBC

Aspiring UPSC IAS exam candidates must give utmost importance to this article. To enhance your academic support, you can also consider joining UPSC coaching.

What is National Commission for Backward Classes Amendment (NCBC)?

The National Commission for Backward Classes was initially established in 1993 under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, following the directions of the Supreme Court in the Mandal case judgment. However, in 2018, the NCBC received a significant upgrade in its position through the 'National Commission for Backward Classes (Repeal) Act, 2018', known commonly as the NCBC Amendment Act.

This amendment accorded NCBC a constitutional status, placing it on par with the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes. It allowed NCBC to enforce its recommendations, strengthening its role in safeguarding the rights and interests of the OBCs.

Learn about the Difference between Scheduled areas and Tribal areas here.

What is a Backward Class?

The term "backward class" is used in India to refer to social groups that are economically and educationally disadvantaged compared to the general population. These groups have historically faced discrimination and marginalization, which has limited their opportunities for advancement. 

Formation of NCBC

The National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) is an Indian constitutional body. The NCBC was set up in 1993 in response to the recommendations of the Mandal Commission. It operates under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India. It was established through the Constitution Act, 2018 (also called the 102nd Amendment Act, 2018). It was constituted pursuant to the provisions of the National Commission for Backward Classes Act 1993. 

Structure of National Commission for Backward Classes Amendment

The structure of the NCBC consists of the following components:

  • Chairperson: The commission is headed by a Chairperson who is appointed by the President of India. The Chairperson handles the functioning of the commission and represents its interests.
  • Members: The commission consists of several members who are appointed by the President of India. These members have diverse backgrounds and expertise in areas such as social sciences, law, education, and administration.

Learn about the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups here.

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Provisions Related to NCBC
  • Constitutional Status: The NCBC's constitutional status elevates its position. It provides it with greater protection against arbitrary changes. This status ensures its permanence and strengthens its ability to address the concerns of backward classes.
  • Investigatory Powers: The NCBC has the authority to investigate complaints. It monitors the implementation of policies and programs related to backward classes. This power enables it to identify issues and recommend corrective measures.
  • Recommendatory Powers: The NCBC can recommend measures to the Central and State Governments for the development of backward classes. This power allows it to influence policy decisions. It can shape the direction of initiatives aimed at uplifting backward communities.
  • Monitoring Powers: The NCBC regularly reviews the progress of government programs designed for backward classes. This oversight function ensures that these measures are implemented effectively and fulfill their intended purpose.
  • Legal Aid Powers: The NCBC provides legal support to backward classes who face discrimination or denial of their rights. This support helps them navigate the legal system and protect their entitlements.
  • List Review Powers: The NCBC periodically reviews the lists of backward classes. This is to ensure their relevance and reflect the changing socio-economic landscape. This power allows it to adapt the classification of backward communities based on current needs and conditions.

Also, learn about the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes here.

Powers and Functions of NCBC

Powers of the NCBC

  • The NCBC has the authority to investigate and monitor all matters relating to the safeguards provided for backward classes under the Constitution or any other law. 
  • The NCBC plays a crucial role in recommending measures for the development and advancement of backward classes. 
  • The NCBC closely monitors the implementation of government policies and programs aimed at promoting the welfare of backward classes. 
  • The NCBC provides legal aid to backward classes who face discrimination or are denied their rights. 
  • The NCBC periodically reviews the lists of backward classes. This is to ensure that they are up-to-date and reflect the changing socio-economic landscape. 

Functions of the NCBC

  • The NCBC protects the rights and entitlements guaranteed to backward classes under the Constitution and various laws. 
  • The NCBC actively participates in the formulation of policies and programs aimed at promoting the socio-economic development of backward classes. 
  • The NCBC focuses on enhancing the educational opportunities and outcomes for backward classes. 
  • The NCBC advocates for the equitable representation of backward classes in employment opportunities. 
  • The NCBC oversees various welfare programs and schemes designed to uplift the socio-economic status of backward classes. 
  • The NCBC promotes social empowerment among backward classes by fostering awareness about their rights, entitlements, and opportunities. 

Also, learn about the Scheduled Tribes here.

List of Chairmen of National Commission for Backward Classes

The leadership of the NCBC, especially its Chairpersons, has played a crucial role in the commission's pursuit of social justice. Here are some of the notable Chairpersons of the NCBC:

List of Chairperson of National Commission for Backward Classes

Term

Ram Surat Singh

1993-1997

R. N. Prasad

1997-2000

S. M. Jaamdar

2000-2003

Justice V. Eswaraiah

2013-2017

Bhagwan Lal Sahni

2019-Present

Each of these leaders has brought their unique perspective to bear on the commission's operations, helping it adapt and respond to the changing dynamics of social justice in India.

Learn about the Poverty Alleviation Programs here.

Major Benefits of NCBC
  • The NCBC has played a crucial role in safeguarding the rights and entitlements of backward classes. It has addressed numerous complaints of discrimination and denial of opportunities.
  • The NCBC has actively participated in the formulation of policies and programs. Its recommendations have influenced government decisions.
  • The NCBC's efforts have contributed to significant improvements in educational attainment among backward classes.
  • The NCBC has advocated for the equitable representation of backward classes in employment opportunities. Its monitoring of reservation policies has led to a more inclusive employment landscape.
  • The NCBC has overseen various welfare programs designed to uplift the socio-economic status of backward classes. 
  • The NCBC has promoted social empowerment among backward classes. This is by fostering awareness about their rights, entitlements, and opportunities. Its initiatives have encouraged their participation in social and political spheres.

Also, learn about the Criminal tribe act 1871 here.

Challenges Related to NCBC
  • The NCBC faces challenges in defining and identifying backward classes. This is due to the vast diversity of India's population and the dynamic nature of social groups. 
  • Despite its mandate, the NCBC often faces resource constraints. These limit its ability to effectively investigate complaints, monitor programs, and conduct research. 
  • The NCBC's independence and impartiality can be challenged by political interference. Political pressures can influence the selection of Commission members and the formulation of recommendations.
  • The effectiveness of NCBC's recommendations often depends on the implementation efforts of the government. Bureaucratic hurdles hinder the successful translation of policies into tangible benefits.
  • Social stigma and prejudices against backward classes persist despite legal protections and affirmative action measures. The NCBC faces challenges in changing deeply ingrained social attitudes.

Also learn about the Tribal Uprising here.

Way Forward
  • The NCBC's constitutional status should be further strengthened. This is to protect it from arbitrary changes and ensure its long-term effectiveness. 
  • Clear guidelines and benchmarks for defining backwardness should be established. This is to provide a more objective basis for classification.
  • The NCBC should be provided with adequate financial resources and staffing. This will enable the Commission to gather comprehensive data, analyze trends, and make informed recommendations.
  • The NCBC should be insulated from political interference. This is to maintain its independence and impartiality. Its selection processes should be transparent and merit-based. Its recommendations should be given due consideration by the government.
  • Effective mechanisms should be put in place to evaluate the implementation of NCBC's recommendations. Regular reviews are necessary to identify gaps and address bottlenecks.
  • Comprehensive campaigns and initiatives should be undertaken. This is to raise awareness about the rights, entitlements, and opportunities of backward classes. Educational programs, community outreach, and media engagement can help break down social stigmas.
  • The NCBC should adopt a data-driven approach to its work. This data-driven approach will enable the Commission to make more informed and targeted recommendations.
  • The NCBC should collaborate with various stakeholders to address the issues faced by backward classes. Partnerships and joint initiatives can harness diverse expertise and resources to achieve greater impact.

Learn the concept of Minority Protection here.

Conclusion

Understanding the functioning, responsibilities, and historical context of the National Commission for Backward Classes is important. It forms a critical part of Indian Polity and Governance. The NCBC's role in social justice, constitutional rights, and the welfare of the marginalized sections of society.

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National Commission For Backward Classes FAQs

A1. The NCBC has a mandate to investigate and monitor all matters relating to the safeguards provided for the socially and educationally backward classes, to evaluate the progress of their development, and to make recommendations for the effective implementation of safeguards and other measures aimed at their welfare.

A2. The Amendment Act of 2018 accorded constitutional status to the NCBC, allowing it to hear complaints and grievances of OBCs, and enabling it to safeguard their rights and interests more effectively.

A3. The President of India appoints the Chairman of the National Commission for Backward Classes, based on the recommendation of the Union Cabinet.

A4. The first Chairman of the National Commission for Backward Classes was Ram Surat Singh, serving from 1993 to 1997.

A5. First Backward Classes Commission was set up by a presidential order on 29 January 1953 under the chairmanship of Kaka Kalelkar, he was also the first chairman of the Backward Classes Commission of India.
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