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Home / IAS Preparation / National Disaster Management Authority

National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) - Evolution, Structure, and Framework for UPSC Exam!

Last Updated on Jan 23, 2024
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The National Disaster Management Authority is the apex statutory body for Disaster Management in India. NDMA is a statutory body created on 27 September 2006 under the Disaster Management Act 2005 with the Prime Minister as its chairperson and 9 other members and one such member to be designated as vice chairperson. 

NDMA is important from the perspective of UPSC IAS Examination, which falls under the General Studies Paper 3 and particularly in the Indian Ecology and Environment section. In this article, we shall discuss NDMA, its authority, organisation, structure, evolution, functions and responsibilities.

Check out the article on Coastal Plains of India for UPSC Exam.

What is the National Disaster Management Authority ( NDMA)?

The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) is an apex body in India responsible for coordinating and implementing disaster management policies and strategies. It was set up in 2005 with the aim of ensuring a proactive and holistic approach to disaster management. The NDMA serves as the primary agency for disaster risk reduction and mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. It formulates guidelines, plans, and policies related to disaster management. It coordinates with various stakeholders, and provides technical assistance and support to states and union territories. 

Check out the article on Disaster Management for Cyclones for the UPSC Exam.

Background of NDMA

The evolution of the National Disaster Management Authority is given below:

  • In recognition of the importance of Disaster Management, the Government of India set up a High – Powered Committee (HPC) in August 1999 and a National Committee after the Gujarat Earthquake (2001) for making recommendations on the preparation of Disaster Management plans and also suggesting some effective mitigation mechanisms.
  • The Tenth Five – year plan document also had a detailed chapter on Disaster Management. The twelfth Finance Commission was also mandated to review the financial arrangements for the Disaster management.
  • The Government of India, on 23rd December 2005, enacted the Disaster Management Act, which envisaged the creation of NDMA, headed by the Prime Minister, and the State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs), which are headed by our respective chief ministers to spearhead and implement a holistic and integrated approach to the Disaster Management in India.

Vision of NDMA

“To build a safer and disaster-resident India by a holistic, proactive, technology driven, and sustainable development strategy that involves all Stakeholders and fosters a culture of prevention, preparedness, and mitigation.”

Read about Disaster Management in India for the UPSC Exam here!

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Members of the National Disaster Management Authority

The organisational structure of NDMA is given as follows:

  • The ex-officio chairperson of the NDMA is the Prime Minister.
  • The Vice Chairman is the Cabinet Minister.
  • The NDMA Secretariat, which a secretary heads, provides secretarial support and continuity.
  • NDMA, along with all these, has 8 ministers of state as its members.

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Functions of the National Disaster Management Authority

The functions and responsibilities of the National Disaster Management Authority are given as follows:

  • It approved the National Disaster Plan.
  • It also lays down policies on Disaster Management.
  • Lays down guidelines to be followed by State Authorities in drawing up a state plan.
  • Approves various plants that are prepared by Ministries or the departments of the central government by the national plans.
  • Laying down broad policies and guidelines for the functioning of the National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM).
  • It also provides such support to all the other countries affected by the major disaster as determined by the central government.
  • Coordinating with the workforce and implementation of Disaster Management policy and plan
  • Recommending the provision of funds which is necessary for mitigation.
  • It also lays down guidelines for different Government Authorities to integrate the preventive measures for the Disaster or attenuation of its effect in their development plans and projects.

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Framework For Disaster Management In India

The Institutional Framework for disaster management in India is given as follows:

  • The Disaster Management Act 2005 has provided the legal and institutional Framework for Disaster Management in India at the National, State, and District levels.
  • The primary responsibility of Disaster Management vests with the state government in the federal polity of India.
    • The central government lays down the plans, policies, and guidelines. Also, it provides technical forms of financial and logistical support while the district administration carries out most of the operations in collaboration with Central and state level agencies.

National Executive Committee (NEC) 

  • Under Section 8 of the Disaster Management Act, 2005 National Executive Committee is constituted to assist the national authority in performing its function.
  • The Ex-officio chairperson is the Union Home Secretary.
  • The National Executive Committee (NEC) has been given the responsibility to act as the coordinating and monitoring body for Disaster Management, to prepare a National plan, and to monitor the implementation of National Policy, etc.

National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) 

  • The National Institute of Disaster Management has the mandate of human resource development and capacity building for disaster management within the broad policies and guidelines that the NDMA led down.

National disaster response force (NDRF) 

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State Level Institutions

State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) 

  • The Chief Minister of the respective state heads the State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA). It lays down the policies and plans for Disaster Management in the state.
  • SDMA is responsible for coordinating the implementation of the state plan, recommending the provision of funds for mitigation and preparedness measures, and reviewing the development of plans of the different departments of the states to ensure the integration of prevention, preparedness, and mitigation measures.

State Executive Committee ( SEC)

The Chief Secretary of the state heads it is responsible for coordinating and monitoring the implementation of the National Policy, the National Plan, and the State Plan as provided under the Disaster Management Act.

Check out the article on Disaster management act 2005 here.

District Level Institutions

District disaster management authority (DDMA)

  • Section 25 of the Disaster Management Act provides for the constitution of DDMA for every district of a state.
  • This authority is headed by the District Magistrate/ District Collector / Deputy Commissioner as a chairperson besides an elected representative of the local authority as co – chairperson leaving the tribal Areas where the Chief Executive Member of the District Council of Autonomous District is designated as Co – Chairperson.
    • In the district, where Zila Parishad exists, its chairperson will be the co- chairperson of SDMA.
  • The District Authority is the only one who is responsible for planning, coordination, and implementation of Disaster Management and to take such measures for DM as was provided in the guidelines.
  • The District Authority has the power to examine the construction in any given area in the district to enforce the safety standards to arrange for relief measures, and also to respond to the disaster at the District level.

Check out the test series for UPSC IAS Exam here.

UPSC Previous Year Questions on National Disaster Management Authority
  • Discuss the vulnerability of India to earthquake related hazards. Give examples, including the salient features of major disasters caused by earthquakes in different parts of India during the last three decades. (Answer in 150 words) [CSE 2016]
  • Describe the various causes and effects of landslides. Mention the important components of the National Landslide Risk Management Strategy. (Answer in 250 words)

Also learn about the elements of India's disaster management!

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FAQs On National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)

The National Disaster Management Authority is the apex statutory body for Disaster Management in India. NDMA is a statutory body which was created on 27th September 2006,under the Disaster Management Act 2005 with the Prime Minister as its chairperson and 9 other members and one such member to be designated as vice chairperson.

"To build a safer and disaster-resident India by a holistic, proactive, technology driven and sustainable development strategy that involves all Stakeholders and fosters a culture of prevention, preparedness and mitigation. "

The organisational structure of NDMA are given as follows:The ex-officio chairperson of the NDMA is the Prime Minister.The Vice Chairman is the Cabinet Minister.The NDMA Secretariat, which is headed by a secretary, who is responsible for providing secretarial support and continuity.NDMA, along with all these has 8 ministers of state as its members.

The functions and responsibilities of the National Disaster Management Authority are given as follows:It approved the National Disaster Plan.It also lays down policies on Disaster Management.Lays down guidelines which are to be followed by State Authorities in drawing up a state plan.Approves various plants which are prepared by Ministries or the departments of the central government in accordance with the national plans.Laying down broad policies and guidelines for the functioning of the National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM).It also provides such support to all the other countries which are affected by the major disaster as determined by the central government.

The achievements of disaster planning in India are given below:Cyclone Fani which was one of the worst cyclones to hit India in the last two decades.Odisha preparedness, efficient early warning system,timely action and well-planned large scale evacuation strategies to have 1.2 million people move safely into nearly 4000 cyclone shelters, hence helping and saving the lives of vulnerable populations in the sensitive coastal region.The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) and other organisations have hailed Government and volunteer efforts that have ensured the levels of destruction to keep it minimum.Andhra Pradesh demonstrated an equally excellent evacuation strategy for millions during cyclone Hudhud in 2014.A significant reduction in mortality rate from the loss of over 10000 lives in 1999 reading super Cyclone in Odisha to mortality of 16 and 2019 during cyclone Fani could be seen easily.The National Disaster Management Authority has released guidelines on school safety Hospital safety and the minimum standard for shelter, for water, sanitation and medical cover in relief camps. This authority worked closely with the states in mitigating the impact of the heat wave and the number of casualties came down drastically.NDMA also conducts mock exercises for helping in crisis management during a disaster situation.
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