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Home / IAS Preparation / National Nutrition Strategy

National Nutriorin Strategy- Overview | Kuposhit Mukt Bharat

Last Updated on Jul 04, 2023
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National Nutrition Mission or National Nutritional Strategy is an initiative by NITI Ayog in 2017 with a vision to achieve Malnutrition free India by 2022. The vision of this initiative in 2022 was to achieve ‘Kuposhan Mukt Bharat’. Various organizations have reported the status of malnutrition in India, which is very alarming. Thus Various initiatives are being taken by the Government of India to address this burning issue.

In this article, candidates can learn about the National Nutrition Strategy targets, objectives and significance of the initiatives. 

Government initiatives and schemes form a major part of the UPSC IAS exam, and questions related to these are seen in Mains Paper II in Governance and Social Strategy and the prelims of the above-said examination. Testbook provides comprehensive notes and online UPSC classes, including competitive examinations.

Latest News about National Nutrition Strategy
  • This year’s National Nutrition Week 2022 theme, recognised every year during the first week of September, was ‘Celebrate a World of Flavours’. The purpose was to motivate people to have healthy nutrition while enjoying the flavours of Food.
  • India’s rank In Global Hunger Index 2022 Is 107 out of 121 countries. In the year 2021, the rank of India was 101. It is jointly released by Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe every October.

Read about Malnutrition here!

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What is Malnutrition?

Malnutrition consists of two conditions:

  • Children are too short as per the average age of their group- Stunted
  • Children whose weight is below the average age of their group – Wasted

Together these Stunted and Wasted children are considered underweight, indicating a lack of proper nutrition and inadequate care post-birth. As per a report published by UNICEF, India has a very poor performance on key malnutrition indicators.

The prevalence of underweight children is considerably high in rural areas (38%) to urban areas (29%). Also, in India, the national average weight at birth is less than 2.5 kg for 19% of children. Nutritional deficiency such as iron, vitamins and other essential minerals is also high in India; more than half of India’s o.e 58 % is anaemic.

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What is the National Nutrition Strategy?

The National Nutrition Strategy ensures that every child, woman and adolescent girl, especially from vulnerable sections of society, attains optimal nutrition. The focus will be on reducing undernutrition, especially in the first three years of the life cycle.

  • Launch– It was published in 2017 By NITI Ayog
  • Controlling Ministries involved – It works under the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MoWCD), Headed by Smriti Irani.
  • Role of NITI Ayog – This program is closely monitored by NITI Ayog, and to deal with the problem of nutrition in a comprehensive manner NITI Ayog seeks out strategies and programs to ensure proper nutrition to each and every individual, especially to the vulnerable section of society. India’s Nutritional Challenges, set up under the Poshan Abhiyaan, works under the Vice Chairperson of NITI Ayog.

National Nutrition Strategy: Objectives and Targets

Along with reducing malnutrition in India National Nutrition Strategy focuses on achieving Kuposhan Mukt Bharat's vision by 2022. Another objective of this scheme is gradually augmenting interventions under Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) supported by the World Bank.

Specific targets set up by National Nutrition Mission are

  • Reduce stunting by 2% /year.
  • Reduce undernutrition by 2% /year.
  • Reduce anaemia by 3% /year.
  • Reduce low birth weight by 2% /year.
  • Decrease in the rate of underweight children below 5 years from 35.7% to 20.7 % by 2022.
  • Decrease in Anemia cases in kids (6-59 months) from 58.4 % to 19.5% by 2022
  • Decrease Anemia cases in women and girls (15-49 years) from 53.1% to 17.7% by 2022.

National Nutrition Strategy: Key Areas of Action

Key strategic areas of action

  • Governance reform– Under Governance reforms, an expansion of the PM national council on India’s nutrition challenges, the women and child ministry to be the nodal agency of the mission. It also envisages setting up a committee of secretaries from different ministries chaired by NITI Ayog’s chief executive officer.
  • Leading by example- The strategy builds on the recognition of cooperative federalism and thus allows states to design locally relevant strategies to achieve state-specific goals.
  • Convergence- Convergence is seen through two views: geographic and programmatic. The state, district and village panchayat levels will be converged. The State and District Nutrition Plan implemented through the Village Health and Nutrition Day can be used to achieve the convergence between the state, district and village panchayat.
  • Prioritize action- Prioritize action in districts and blocks with the highest level of child malnutrition.
  • Intensification of Counseling to reach the critical age group- Keeping with the life cycle approach, the strategy calls for early preventive action in the most vulnerable period – prenatally, at birth and breaking the vicious cycle of undernutrition and intensification of counselling to reach the critical age group.
  • Continuum of care- This ensures the continuous availability of healthcare services across the life cycle, including preventive, promotive and curative medical services.
  • Innovative service delivery models- Innovative service models of various states such as Odisha (Ami Bhi Paribu), Madhya Pradesh (Suposhan and Sneha Shivirs), West Bengal (Keno ParboNa – Positive Deviance), Chhattisgarh (Nava Jatan) and Maharashtra. These models have been successful in growth monitoring and promotion as the trigger for ensuring universal coverage and bringing down the level of malnourishment among women and children. Other states are encouraged to use such innovative models to overcome the grips of malnutrition.
  • Community-based monitoring- These states have demonstrated success in using growth monitoring and promotion as the trigger for ensuring universal coverage and bringing down the level of malnourishment among women and children. Other states have been promoted to use such innovative models as well.
  • Enabling actions- Converting the designated plans into actions and reaching the desired goals.

National Nutrition Strategy: Nutrition Interventions
  • Infant and Young Child Health- These mainly focus on children below three years by promoting.
    • Universal early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life.
    • Universal complementary feeding after six months, along with continued breastfeeding for two years and beyond
    • Growth monitoring of young children using WHO CGS using counseling under mother-child protection card.
    • Providing access to infant and young child care with improved supplementary nutrition support
    • Enhanced care during and after illness and managing severely and acutely malnourished children.
  • Maternal Care, Nutrition and Health
    • Better supplementary nutrition during pregnancy and lactation
    • Improved antenatal care
    • Improved maternity protection
    • Advocating women's literacy and empowerment
  • Adolescent Care, nutrition and Health
    • Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao provides equal care to the girl child at different stages.
    • Better healthcare access, counseling support through schools and deworming as per National Deworming Initiative
    • Mid-day meals providing nutritional support in schools
    • Prevention of child marriage
  • Addressing micronutrient deficiencies- including anaemia
  • Community nutrition (Interventions addressing community)
    • Ensuring safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene through Swachh Bharat
    • Prevention of Malaria through various techniques as per Malaria prevention therapy
    • Focusing interventions on most nutritionally vulnerable community groups by addressing nutritional vulnerability such as seasonal distress, disease outbreaks, etc.

National Nutrition Strategy: Significance

The Government began the National Nutrition Mission, also known as Poshan Abhiyan, in 2018, although the mission was launched in 2017. In terms of nutrition, India’s position is considerably poor. Anemia is at a high percentage; It is expected to reduce to 34.4% BY 2022. Stunting, Anemia and malnutrition will decrease by fixed targets by 2022. The term Poshan in the program refers to Prime Minsters for holistic nutrition. Vulnerable groups, which are mostly neglected regarding nutrition, will be focused on by providing community groups.

In the Post Covid world, millions are forced into poverty and lower-income to many people, especially affecting the economically disadvantaged section of society. They are more at risk of malnutrition and food security. Lockdown related to Covid 19 also delayed crucial services, including Mid Day meals, immunization and micronutrient supplementation. This worsened the status of malnutrition in India. The National Nutrition Mission will work in a mission mode to achieve the targets for each category.

National Nutrition Strategy: Challenges

Although this Program is well planned, certain challenges will be coming forth.

  • Since Malnutrition is a complicated and multifaceted issue in India, although the program is properly documented, its implementation will require considerable effort.
  • There are various ministries involved in healthcare that often work in isolation. Under this strategy, various ministries must work in tandem with each other; thus, it will require considerable effort.
  • The major problem of all government schemes is under utilization of funds. As per a report of 2018-19, only 16% of the allocated fund has been used for authorized resources.
  • The monitoring and delivery system under this scheme needs to be strengthened as a lack of real-time monitoring, sustainability, and accountability may impact the progress of the National Nutrition strategy.
  • It also requires significant human resource input who can sensibility and sensitivity handle data of a low-income country with major challenges such as literacy and lack of awareness
  • Covid 19 has also posed significant challenges to the target set up by NNM.

The extent of malnutrition in India
  • India's performance on crucial malnutrition indicators is deemed inadequate, as highlighted by both national and international studies.
  • UNICEF reports that India ranks 10th among countries with the highest underweight children and 17th for the highest number of stunted children globally.
  • Malnutrition significantly impacts children's chances of survival, increases their vulnerability to illnesses, hampers their learning abilities, and diminishes their productivity in the future.
  • It is estimated that malnutrition plays a role in approximately one-third of all deaths among children under 5.
  • The World Health Organisation (WHO) has released the Global Nutrition Report every year since 2014. It assesses the state of global nutrition and assists in the drive to abolish malnutrition.

Other Relevant Initiatives

Healthcare is one of the major sectors of our country. The government of India is laying various efforts in this regard. Some of them are

Concluding Remarks

The first and most important step towards reducing malnutrition in India should be to give proper nutrition to pregnant and nursing mothers.

The National Nutrition Mission is still a way to go and yet to meet its objectives. According to information provided by Minister for Women and Child Development Smriti Irani, the Centre distributed 4,283 crores to various States and Union Territories.

Mizoram, Lakshadweep Bihar, Himachal Pradesh and Meghalaya were top performers. Punjab, Karnataka, Kerala, Jharkhand, and Assam were the worst-performing states till now. Each state should take up its fundamental responsibility and provide various services such as social security, infrastructure, healthcare and clean water. Better and ethical data collection is also of utmost importance in achieving the goals set up in this program.

We hope all your doubts regarding “National Nutrition Strategy” are addressed after going through this article. Testbook provides comprehensive notes and online classes for UPSC, including different competitive examinations. It has always assured the quality of its product like content pages, live tests, GK and current affairs, mocks, and so on. Ace your preparation with the Testbook App!

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National Nutrition Strategy FAQs

National Nutrition Strategy was Launched in 2017 by NITI Ayog under the guidance of Ministry of Child and Women Care.

As per the reports from various organizations India’s performance on various index of nutrition and hunger is very poor. India also is a highly malnourished country. Thus there is a need for proper strategic implementation of nutrition program to make the situation better.

The goal of the National Nutrition Strategy is to have a kuposhan mukt Bharat orMalnutrition free India by 2022.

Poshan Abhiyaan was launched by Hon'ble Prime Minister on 8th March, 2018 in Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan. The focus of Abhiyaan is to lay emphasis on nutritional status of adolescent girls, pregnant women, lactating mothers and children from 0-6 years age.

The Government has approved the Centrally Sponsored Scheme 'Pradhan Mantri Poshan Shakti Nirman (PM POSHAN)'. It aims to provide one hot cooked meal in Government and Government – aided Schools from 2021-22 to 2025-26.
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