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Home / IAS Preparation / Ranthambore National Park

Ranthambore National Park - Its Facts, Wildlife, Flora, Fauna & Other Important Details

Last Updated on Jan 05, 2024
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The Ranthambore National Park is a National Park and a Tiger Reserve located in the state of Rajasthan, India. It was established on 1 November 1980, and it is home to a huge variety of Flora, Fauna, and Wildlife. Thus, the Ranthambore National Park is one of the most important topics for UPSC IAS Examination.

In this article on the Ranthambore National Park, we shall discuss its quick facts, wildlife, flora, fauna and list of other national parks of India. This will be very useful for aspirants in the UPSC Prelims Exam.

About Ranthambore National Park
  • Formerly known as Sawai Madhopur Game Sanctuary, Ranthambore National Park was later created by the Indian government.
  • It was selected as one of India’s Project Tiger reserves in 1973.
  • Ranthambore became a national park on November 1st, 1980, and the nearby forests were given the names Sawai Man Singh Sanctuary and Keladevi Sanctuary.
  • Three significant lakes with a similar blue hue are scattered throughout the wide forest: Padam Talab (Lake), Malik Talab, and Raj Bagh. These lakes are full of aquatic plants like duckweed, lilies, and lotuses.
  • The name of the park’s biggest lake is Padam Talao. By the side of the lake, there is a Jogi Mahal made of red sandstone and a huge banyan tree that is claimed to be the second largest in India.
  • The “Great Boundary Fault,” which separates the Vindhaya plateau from the Aravali mountain, is a significant geological feature in the park.

Learn about Kanha National Park here!

Important Facts & Figures

  • Ranthambore National Park is located around 13.5 kilometres from Sawai Madhopur, a city in Rajasthan.
  • One of the best spots to see wild animals is near the intersection of the Aravali and Vindhya hill ranges since the animals are accustomed to the attention they receive there.
  • When the 400 sq km of this park and the Sawai Man Singh Sanctuary’s area are merged, the total size is close to 500 sq km.
  • Many buildings in Ranthambore National Park transport you back in time.
  • The park has many water bodies that offer the wild animals in the park the perfect place to unwind during the hot summer days.
  • The massive fort that looms over the park from a nearby hill is honoured by the park’s name.
  • The forest has a distinct, spectacular, and well-balanced flavour of flora, history, and environment because of the different ancient ruins that are dispersed across it.
  • At Ranthambore National Park, tigers have also been spotted hunting in front of people.

Fig: National Parks of Rajasthan

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Why Ranthambore National Park is Famous?
  • Ranthambore Park is the most famous for Tigers as it has around 86 tigers in its vicinity.
  • Ranthambore features a distinctive ecosystem and a variety of animals, in contrast to the national parks in India that receive the most visitors.
  • An opportunity to travel by land through a dense forest while viewing and photographing the park’s most notable views is provided by a wildlife safari.
  • It also has some of India’s magnificent birds on the grassland if you want something less strenuous than walking or moving.
  • The vegetation also contributes to the animal and bird activity in the untamed forest.
  • The more than 300 different species of flora and wildlife that are found in the dry grassland areas of this National Park.
  • Due to the elaborate remains of the fort that can be seen inside the park, Ranthambore is also regarded as a heritage site.
  • Nine kilometres from Sawai Madhopur and near Ramsinghpura is where you’ll find the fourth regional natural history museum in the nation.

Learn about Tiger Conservation in India here!

Quick Facts of Ranthambore National Park
  • The Ranthambore Tiger Reserve Park can be found in the Rajasthan region of India’s Sawai Madhopur district.
  • It has a total size of 392 square kilometres, of which 274 square kilometres are the core zone and 118 square kilometres is the buffer zone.

Fact

Data

Total Area

1334 sq. km

Core Area

392.50 sq. km

Latitudes

25 4′ N to 21 12′ N

Longitudes

76 17′ E to 77 13′ E

Type of Forest

Dry Deciduous Dhok Forest

River

Banas River & Chambal River

Hills

Range of Aravali Hill and Vindhya Hill

Temperature

highest of 48 degree Celsius in summer and lowest of 2 degree Celsius in winter

Annual Rain Fall

800 mm

Learn about Gir National Park here!

Some Other Facts

  • The National Park is bordered on its northern and southern sides, respectively, by the Banas River and the Rivers Chambal.
  • Even during the day, Ranthambore National Park is perhaps the best spot in the world to witness wild Indian tigers in their only native dry deciduous habitat.
  • The region receives little rainfall because of its proximity to the Thar Desert, which is home to rich tropical dry vegetation and luscious meadowland.

Learn about Kaziranga National Park here!

Biodiversity of Ranthambore National Park
  • Ranthambore National Park draws nature lovers and photographers from all over the world with its 300 distinct plant species, 500 different wild animal species, and more than 300 different bird species.
  • Numerous species of local wildlife, which also includes tigers, include big cats, boars, deers, leopards, jackals, hyenas, civets, and desert foxes.
  • The abundance of animals and vegetation that can be found here can be fed and cared for because of the water resources that are available in the form of Talaos/lakes, which provide relief from the harsh heat.

Flora

  • At Ranthambore, a well-known national park, vast, open grassy meadows and dry deciduous forests alternate.
  • In the Ranthambore National Park, flowering plants can be found in 539 different varieties.
  • Along with the Dhok tree, which is the most prevalent kind of tree there, the national park also supports large populations of the mango, tamarind, and banyan tree species.
    • The “Dhok,” also known by its scientific name Anogeissus pendula, is the most prevalent plant species in Ranthambore National Park.
    • Although at a slower rate and with a smaller height, the Dhok tree can also thrive in shallow soil.
  • One of India’s biggest banyan trees can be found in Jogi Mahal, which is close to Ranthambore.
  • This place is notable for nature enthusiasts because of the contrast between the neighbouring thick greenery and the sparse desert vegetation.
  • The Ranthambore reserve forest is thought to include close to 300 distinct plant species.
  • Dry deciduous plants are the most prevalent kind of vegetation in the area because of the low levels of rainfall.
  • More than three-fourths of the vegetation in this national forest is made up of this tropical tree.
  • The nilgai, antelope, and deer are the main consumers of the bushes and fruits of this tree, which can grow to a height of 15 metres.
  • In addition to the Dhok tree, this park also has Neem, Banyan (Ficus bengalensis), and Pipal (Ficus religiosa) (Azadirachta indiaca).
  • These plants have enlightening and healing qualities. Mango (Magnifera indica), Tamarind (Tamarindicus indica), also known as Imli, Jamun (Syzygium cumini), also known as the Indian blackberry, and Berries are the fruit trees that are most common in Ranthambore.
  • With its stunning orange tint, the Chhila (Butea monosperma), also known as the flame of the forest, enhances the attractiveness of the surrounding terrain and provides a fantastic setting for nature lovers.

Fauna

  • Since the Tiger is the top predator in this ecosystem and the top predator in the food chain of the Ranthambore forest, the stunning Tiger is the most significant and sought-after mammal in this reserve park.
  • Along with tigers, other animals that may be found in the Ranthambore Reserve Park include leopards, leopard cats, desert cats, caracals, fishing cats, and jungle cats.
  • Deer, smbhardeer, gazelle, chinkara, and bluebull are the four species that are most frequently sighted.
  • Large predators including the sloth bear, jackal, striped hyena, desert fox, palm civet, crocodile, common mongoose, python, and many others, can be found in abundance in this jungle.
  • Other common animals in these regions include two antelope species, the Indian Gazelle (Chinkara) and the Bluebull (Nilgai), as well as the spotted deer (chital) and Sambhar deer, all of which have distinct types of antlers.
  • Due to the abundance of rare bird species that may be seen here, this region is a bird watcher’s heaven.
  • The vibrant ducks around the lake, the stunning Indian eagle soaring above, or the vulture perched high in the tree will astound birdwatchers.

Wildlife

  • Ranthambore is home to several mammal, reptile, and bird species. Its most well-known feature is the national park in Rajasthan, which is where the Royal Bengal Tigers live.
  • The national park is also home to a large population of leopards, sloth bears, chitals (spotted deer), marsh crocodiles, palm civets, jackals, desert foxes, serpent eagles, and waterfowl.
  • The national park’s 320 bird species, 35 reptile species, and 40 mammal species are made up of these critters.
  • Sambar deer, Chital, Nilgai, Common or Hanuman langurs, Macaques, Jackals, Jungle cats, Caracals, Sloth bears, Rufoustailed Hare, Indian Wild Boar, Chinkara, Common Palm Civets or Toddy Cat, Coomon Yellow Bats, Desert Cat, Striped Hyenas are some the popular wildlife animals in the Ranthambore National Park.
  • Among the various other creatures that can be found in the area are snub-nosed marsh crocodiles, desert monitor lizards, tortoises, banded kraits, cobras, common kraits, ganga soft shelled turtles, Indian pythons, north Indian flap shelled turtles, rat snakes, Russell’s vipers, saw-toothed vipers.

Learn about Kaziranga National Park here!

Ranthambore Tiger Reserve
  • The 392 square kilometer tiger reserve, one of India’s Project Tiger reserves, is well known for its tiger population.
  • The tiger, sambar, nilgai, dholes, sloth bear, wild boar, leopard, hyena, and chital are some of the most common wild animals.
  • In addition, a large variety of trees, plants, birds, and reptiles call it home.
  • Another large banyan tree in India can be found in Ranthambhore National Park.

There are around 106 National Parks located in India. Here, you can go through the list of other National Parks located in India.

Conclusion

There were 59 tigers in the Ranthambore National Park in 2014. Now, that number has increased to 86 in 2022. Government Initiatives like Project Tiger and M-STrIPES have been very beneficial and successful in this regard.

We hope that all your doubts regarding the Ranthambore National Park will be cleared after going through this article. You can download the Testbook App now to check out various other topics relevant to the UPSC IAS Exam.

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Ranthambore National Park FAQs

The Ranthambore National Park was established on 1 November 1980.

The Ranthambore National Park is located in Rajasthan, India.

It is called as Ranthambore after the name of the Ranthambore Fort which is located inside the Natinal Park.

There are 81 tigers inside the Ranthambore National Park as per 2021 data.

Yes, Leopards are also located inside the Ranthambore National Park. As per 2022 data, there are around 130 Leopards in Ranthambore National Park.

Yes, Bears are also located inside the Ranthambore National Park. As per 2022 data, there are around 100 sloth bears in the park.
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