Evolution in Post Independence India MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Evolution in Post Independence India - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key Points

• NEP 2020 allows students to take up to 2 board exams per year, providing flexibility and reducing pressure.
• The policy encourages multidisciplinary education in higher studies to allow students to gain comprehensive knowledge and skills.
• NEP 2020 aims to transform the educational system by focusing on holistic and skill-based learning approaches.
• The flexibility in board exams is intended to help students focus on learning outcomes rather than rote memorization.
• The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) will introduce coding and artificial intelligence (AI) to promote skill education from classes 6 to 8 onwards. The New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has introduced artificial intelligence to promote skill education. With this, subjects like coding will also be taught early

Additional Information

• Holistic Education:
  • NEP 2020 emphasizes a holistic, flexible, multidisciplinary approach to education.
  • This includes the integration of vocational education at all levels.
• Flexibility in Subject Choices:
  • Students have the option to choose subjects across streams, promoting a multidisciplinary approach.
• Focus on Skill Development:
  • NEP 2020 aims to develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and analytical skills in students.
• Assessment Reforms:
  • Continuous and comprehensive evaluation (CCE) will be emphasized to assess students’ overall development.

The correct answer is Common school system for all.

Key Points

• The National Policy on Education (NPE) 1986 emphasized Operation Blackboard to improve primary schools.
• The policy placed strong emphasis on adult education and literacy programs.
• It introduced computer education at the secondary school level to keep up with technological advancements.
• The concept of a Common school system for all was not a feature of NPE 1986.

Additional Information

• Operation Blackboard
  • Launched under NPE 1986 to provide essential facilities in primary schools.
  • Focused on providing at least two teachers, essential teaching materials, and a building for primary schools.
• Adult Education
  • NPE 1986 aimed at eradicating illiteracy through various adult education programs.
  • Stressed on the importance of adult literacy and continuing education for adults.
• Computer Education
  • Introduced to secondary schools to ensure students are equipped with basic computer skills.
  • Aimed to integrate computer education into the curriculum.
• Common School System
  • A concept to provide equal education opportunities to all children irrespective of their socio-economic status.
  • Not specifically included in NPE 1986 but discussed in later educational reforms.

The correct answer is 1-A, 2-B, 3-C.

Key Points

• Mudaliar Commission (1952-53) focused on the improvement of secondary education in India.
• Kothari Commission (1964-66), formally known as the Indian Education Commission, recommended a National Education Policy to meet the needs of the country.
• Radhakrishnan Commission (1948-49) was set up to report on university education and its improvement.
• These commissions were pivotal in shaping the educational landscape of post-independence India.

Additional Information

• Secondary Education: Focuses on students aged 11-18 and forms a bridge between primary education and higher education.
• National Education Policy: A framework to guide the development of education in the country, addressing aspects like curriculum, pedagogy, and teacher training.
• University Education: Involves higher education institutions that offer undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral programs.
• Education Commissions in India: They are periodically set up by the government to assess and recommend reforms in the education system.
• Post-Independence Educational Reforms: Aimed at restructuring and modernizing the Indian educational system to meet the socio-economic and cultural aspirations of the country.

The correct answer is Etawah

• Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences is situated at Saifai in Etawah district of Uttar Pradesh.
• Formerly it was known as  U.P. Rural Institute of Medical Sciences and Research.
• In 2016, by an act of state government, U.P. Rural Institute of Medical Sciences and Research has been granted the status of University and renamed as Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences.
• The University is running full-fledged:
  • Medical College
  • Dental College (postgraduate)
  • Paramedical College
  • Nursing College
  • Pharmacy College
  • Multi-speciality 850 bedded hospital
  • 150 bedded trauma and burn centre
• The state government is planning to establish the following facilities:
  • 500 bedded super speciality hospital
  • 300 bedded Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Paediatrics hospital 

The correct answer is: Auxiliary committee

Key Points 

•  The Simon Commission, officially the "Indian Statutory Commission," was a group appointed in 1927 by the British government.

• The Simon Commission, also known as the Indian Statutory Commission, was tasked with investigating constitutional reform in British India.

• While it didn't directly deal with education, it did set up an Auxiliary Committee specifically to inquire into the growth of education in India.

• This committee was not a "university committee" as it wasn't limited to the university system, nor was it a "provincial committee" as its scope covered all of India. Similarly, it wasn't a "federal committee" as India didn't have a federal structure at that time.

Therefore, based on the historical context and function of the Auxiliary Committee, the most accurate description is "auxiliary committee."

The correct answer is Etawah

• Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences is situated at Saifai in Etawah district of Uttar Pradesh.
• Formerly it was known as  U.P. Rural Institute of Medical Sciences and Research.
• In 2016, by an act of state government, U.P. Rural Institute of Medical Sciences and Research has been granted the status of University and renamed as Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences.
• The University is running full-fledged:
  • Medical College
  • Dental College (postgraduate)
  • Paramedical College
  • Nursing College
  • Pharmacy College
  • Multi-speciality 850 bedded hospital
  • 150 bedded trauma and burn centre
• The state government is planning to establish the following facilities:
  • 500 bedded super speciality hospital
  • 300 bedded Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Paediatrics hospital 

The higher education establishments are universities, specialized higher education schools, and independent colleges.

Key Points

• India has the most number of universities in the world.
• According to data from July 2021, India had a total of 5,288 universities. 
• According to the MOE, there are 52,627 colleges operating under these universities, including government degree colleges, private colleges, freestanding institutes, and post-graduate research institutions.
• India have over 1000 universities by 2020, with 54 central universities, 416 state universities, 125 deemed universities, 361 private universities, and 159 Institutes of National Importance, such as AIIMS, IIMs, IIITs, IISERs, IITs, and NITs.

Thus, India has the highest number of higher education institutions among all other nations. 

Additional Information

• With 3,216 institutions, the United States came in second, followed by Indonesia with 2,595 universities.
• With a total of 50 universities, Rajasthan has the most general universities in the country.
• The University Grants Commission is the major regulating organization at the tertiary level. 

The NRF (National Research Foundation) will be governed, independently of the government, by a rotating Board of Governors consisting of the very best researchers and innovators across fields.

Key Points

•  The goal of the NRF will be to enable a culture of research to permeate through our universities.
• The primary activities of the NRF will be to:
  •  fund competitive, peer-reviewed grant proposals of all types and across all disciplines.
  •  seed, grow and facilitate research at academic institutions.
  • act as a liaison between researchers and relevant branches of government as well as industry; so as to allow breakthroughs to be optimally brought into policy and/or implementation.
  • recognize outstanding research and progress.

Thus, it is concluded that According to NEP‐2020, National Research Foundation (NRF) may be established to enable a culture of research to permeate through universities.

The first Education Commission of India adhered to the three-language formula.

 Key Points

• The three-language formula, also known as the Tri-lingual policy, was recommended by the first Education Commission of India, chaired by Dr. S. Radhakrishnan in 1948.
• According to this formula, students in schools should learn three languages:
  • The mother tongue or regional language of the student.
  • Hindi, as the official language of India.
  • English, as an associate official language to promote national and international communication.
• This formula aimed to ensure a balanced approach to language education, promoting proficiency in the mother tongue while also fostering a deeper understanding of Hindi and English for national and global communication purposes.

The post-independence phase marked the transition of Indian higher education from an elitist pursuit to a potentially powerful instrument for change and development.

Key Points 

• The first commission on higher education in the post-independence phase, popularly known as the Radhakrishnan Commission made recommendations covering all aspects of higher education ranging from the aims of university education in independent India to the standard of teaching, courses of study, postgraduate training, and research, professional education, rural education, women’s education, examination, and finance.
• One of the most significant recommendations of the Commission was to establish the University Grants Commission by converting the University Grants Committee created in 1945 to deal with the Central Universities initially and later extended to cover all universities.
• The proposed UGC, according to the Commission, should be an expert body that can assess the financial needs of the universities, and allocate adequate resources.
• The proposed UGC would also be responsible for setting the standards of higher education.
• This recommendation was implemented with the passing of the UGC Act in 1956, and the establishment of the University Grants Commission (UGC).
• Since then, the development of higher education in India has been guided by the UGC through numerous initiatives. 
• The University Grants Commission of India (UGC India) is a statutory body set up by the Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Government of India by the UGC Act 1956 and is charged with coordination, determination, and maintenance of standards of higher education.

Additional Information

•  Kothari Commission: National Education Commission, popularly known as Kothari Commission, was an ad hoc commission set up by the Government of India to examine all aspects of the educational sector in India, evolve a general pattern of education, and advise guidelines and policies for the development of education in India.
• The National Policy on Education: The National Policy on Education (NPE) is a policy formulated by the Government of India to promote and regulate education in India. The policy covers elementary education to higher education in both rural and urban India.
• Mudaliar Commission: The Government of India established the Secondary Education Commission on 23 September 1952 under the chairmanship of Dr. Lakshmanaswamy Mudaliar. 

Research funding is a term generally covering any funding for scientific research, in the areas of both  "hard"  science and technology and social  science. Most research funding comes from two major sources,  corporations (through research and development departments) and government  (primarily carried out through universities and specialized government agencies).

Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR)

• The Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) is an autonomous organisation that was established by the Government of India in the year 1969 to promote, review encourage, assist and coordinate social science research.
• As a part of its Programme, six Regional Centers were set up across the country to act as a representative of the ICSSR to provide information and implement the programmes and activities of the Council in the Region.
• ICSSR provide grants for projects, fellowships, international collaboration, capacity building, survey, publications etc. to promote research in social sciences in India.

NOTE:

ICPR: An autonomous body fully financed by the MHRD, Govt. of India to promote teaching and research in philosophy. It provides technical and financial assistance for the formulation of research projects and programmes in philosophy, to individuals/institutions.

IIAS: Indian Institute of Advanced Study (IIAS) is a research institute based in Shimla which awards fellowships for various research areas.

NUEPA: The National University of Educational Planning and Administration (earlier known as NIEPA), is an autonomous organization that emphasizes on planning, management and capacity building in educational policy, through research, training, consultancy and dissemination.

Hence, it can be concluded from the above points that ICSSR (Delhi) coordinates, promotes, and funds research activities of all social science disciplines.

The National Policy on Education was framed in 1986 and modified in 1992. The NEP 2020 is the first education policy of the 21st century and replaces the thirty-four-year-old National Policy on Education (NPE), 1986.

Key Points

New curricular and pedagogical structure of School Education as proposed by NEP-2020 :

• ​The 10+2 structure of school curricula is to be replaced by a 5+3+3+4 curricular structure corresponding to ages 3-8, 8-11, 11-14, and 14-18 years respectively.
• The new system will have 12 years of schooling with three years of Anganwadi or pre-schooling.
• It will be consisting of the Foundational Stage (in two parts, that is
  • 3 years of Anganwadi/pre-school + 2 years in primary school in Grades 1-2;
  • both together covering ages 3-8),
  • Preparatory Stage (Grades 3-5, covering ages 8-11),
  • Middle Stage (Grades 6-8, covering ages 11-14), and
  • Secondary Stage (Grade)
• 

Therefore the new curricular and pedagogical structure of School Education as proposed by NEP-2020 is 5 + 3 + 3 + 4.

Meta university will allow students flexibility in designing their curriculum and pursuing subjects and combinations of their choice in an effort to make higher education more liberal and accessible to the masses.

The world's first Meta University, to promote multi-disciplinary learning at the higher education level, may take off in India by June 2012. Delhi University will first test the ‘meta college’ idea.

• The Meta University will use the platform of the already established National Knowledge Network to create a “unified sensibility that combines intellect and emotion, analytics and synthesis, the right brain and left brain – attributes that foster innovation.”
• The model is based on combining “collaborative learning” and “multi-disciplinary learning”. In other words, the Internet and the Web will provide the communication infrastructure, while a network of universities will offer courses in various disciplines.
• The idea is to allow students and teachers to access and share teaching material, scholarly publications, research work, scientific work, virtual experiments etc, says the concept note.
• Also, students enrolled in a primary college or university will be able to pursue courses in other universities and colleges.

According to the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, by 2025, at least 50% of learners in the school and higher education system shall have exposure to vocational education.

Key Points

• This is in line with the NEP's emphasis on promoting multidisciplinary and vocational education to make education more practical and job-oriented, and to equip students with the necessary skills to succeed in the 21st-century economy.
• The NEP aims to provide opportunities for vocational education to students across all levels of education, starting from the secondary level.
• To achieve this target, the NEP aims to provide opportunities for vocational education to students across all levels of education, starting from the secondary level.
• It also proposes the establishment of vocational education institutions and the integration of vocational education into mainstream education.

Overall, the emphasis on vocational education in the NEP 2020 is a positive step towards creating a more practical and job-oriented education system that meets the needs of students and the economy.

The National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020), launched on 29 July 2020, outlines the vision of India's new education system. NEP 2020 focuses on five pillars: Affordability, Accessibility, Quality, Equity, and Accountability – to ensure continual learning.

Important Points

Assertion A: Government is preparing high-quality bilingual textbooks and teaching‐learning material for science and mathematics to enable students to think and speak about the two subjects in their home language/mother tongue and in English.

• The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which was approved by the government in 2020, gives emphasis on learning the mother tongue along with other languages.
• This will bring a four-language policy wherein a student can learn Hindi, English, a regional language, and mother tongue.
• The NEP 2020 is the first education policy of the 21st century and replaces the thirty-four-year-old National Policy on Education (NPE), 1986.
• Built on the foundational pillars of Access, Equity, Quality, Affordability, and Accountability, this policy is aligned to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and aims to transform India into a vibrant knowledge society and global knowledge superpower by making both school and college education more holistic, flexible, multidisciplinary, suited to 21st century needs and aimed at bringing out the unique capabilities of each student.

Reason R: Government should promote all regional languages

• Textbooks and teaching courses in regional languages will ensure unbiased education and will be culturally and academically inclusive too.
• This will promote fairness in our education system, bringing all the students to par.
• At the same time, the quality of education will be standard for all the students.

Hence, based on the above explanations Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.