Politics in India Since Independence MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Politics in India Since Independence - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Bhoodan Movement.

Key Points

• The Bhoodan Movement, also known as the "Land Gift Movement," was initiated by Acharya Vinoba Bhave in 1951.
• It began in Pochampally village in Telangana, India, with the aim to persuade wealthy landowners to voluntarily donate a portion of their land to landless farmers.
• The movement was deeply inspired by Gandhian principles of non-violence and social equity.
• Acharya Vinoba Bhave traveled across India, convincing landlords to contribute land for redistribution to the landless, fostering self-reliance and rural development.
• By the mid-1950s, the movement had achieved significant success, with millions of acres of land pledged for redistribution, although not all of it was effectively distributed.

Additional Information

• Vinoba Bhave:
  • He was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and is regarded as the spiritual successor of Gandhi's leadership in India.
  • Vinoba Bhave aimed to address land inequality and promote rural self-reliance through non-violent means.
• Gramdan Movement:
  • Following the Bhoodan Movement, Vinoba Bhave launched the Gramdan Movement, where entire villages would voluntarily donate land for collective ownership and management.
  • It sought to create a model of village-level economic self-sufficiency and social equity.
• Sarvodaya Movement:
  • Both the Bhoodan and Gramdan movements were part of the larger Sarvodaya Movement, which emphasized the welfare of all (Sarvodaya means "progress for all").
  • It was rooted in Gandhian values of justice, non-violence, and equality.
• Challenges Faced by the Movement:
  • Despite initial success, the Bhoodan Movement faced challenges such as lack of proper land distribution mechanisms and reluctance of some landowners to part with productive land.
  • Additionally, the donated land often included barren or unproductive plots, limiting its utility for the landless.
• Legacy:
  • The Bhoodan Movement is considered one of the largest voluntary land reform initiatives in modern history.
  • It highlighted the need for equitable land distribution and inspired future land reform efforts in India.

The correct answer is LEMOA.

Key Points

• LEMOA (Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement) is an agreement between India and the United States to facilitate mutual access to each other's designated military facilities for refueling and replenishment.
• The agreement was signed on August 29, 2016, during the tenure of U.S. Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter and Indian Defense Minister Manohar Parrikar.
• LEMOA provides logistical support, supplies, and services such as fuel, spare parts, and maintenance to the armed forces of both nations.
• The pact is designed to enhance interoperability and strengthen defense ties between India and the United States, particularly in the Indo-Pacific region.
• LEMOA is not a military base agreement; it strictly pertains to logistics and does not imply permanent stationing of U.S. forces on Indian soil.

Additional Information

• GSOMIA (General Security of Military Information Agreement)
  • It is a pact between India and the U.S. that facilitates the sharing of classified military information.
  • GSOMIA establishes protocols to ensure the protection of sensitive information exchanged between the two countries.
• COMCASA (Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement)
  • Signed in 2018, COMCASA allows India access to advanced communication equipment from the U.S. for secure and encrypted defense communications.
  • It enhances interoperability between the armed forces of both nations.
• BECA (Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement)
  • BECA was signed in 2020 to facilitate the exchange of geospatial data between India and the U.S. for military purposes.
  • The agreement is critical for accurate targeting and navigation during military operations.
• E2EE (End-to-End Encryption Agreement)
  • It is not a recognized defense agreement between India and the U.S. but refers generally to protocols ensuring secure communication.
  • Not related to logistical or military access agreements.

The correct answer is Vinoba Bhave.

Key Points

• Vinoba Bhave was the pioneer of the Bhoodan Movement, which started in 1951 in Pochampally, Telangana.
• The Bhoodan Movement aimed at persuading wealthy landowners to voluntarily donate a portion of their land to landless farmers.
• Vinoba Bhave, a disciple of Mahatma Gandhi, was deeply influenced by Gandhian principles of non-violence and social justice.
• The movement was part of a larger initiative to address issues of land redistribution and rural poverty in India.
• Through his efforts, millions of acres of land were donated to benefit the landless and marginalized communities.

Additional Information

• Bhoodan Movement:
  • The term "Bhoodan" translates to "land gift" in Hindi.
  • It was a voluntary land reform movement initiated to bridge the gap between the wealthy landowners and the landless poor.
  • The movement was inspired by Gandhian philosophy and sought to create a more equitable rural society.
• Vinoba Bhave:
  • Born on 11th September 1895, Vinoba Bhave was a social reformer and spiritual leader.
  • He was the first recipient of the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership in 1958.
  • He is also known for his contributions to Sarvodaya (universal upliftment) and promoting non-violent activism.
• Gramdan Movement:
  • The Gramdan Movement was an extension of the Bhoodan Movement, where entire villages voluntarily donated their land for equitable redistribution.
  • This movement aimed to foster collective ownership and reduce economic disparity.
• Challenges of the Bhoodan Movement:
  • Many land donations were either unsuitable for cultivation or encumbered with legal disputes.
  • The implementation of land redistribution faced bureaucratic hurdles and resistance from landowners.

The correct option is the ' India-US civil nuclear agreement, famously known as 123 agreements, to establish cooperation as a prerequisite for nuclear deals between the two countries- 2005'.

Key Points

• The India-US civil nuclear agreement, famously known as the 123 agreements, established cooperation as a prerequisite for nuclear deals between the two countries in 2005.  
  • This is correctly matched
  • The 123 Agreement was signed between India and the US in 2005 and entered into force in 2008.
  • The agreement allows India to engage in civilian nuclear trade with the rest of the world, despite not being a signatory to the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), in exchange for enhanced scrutiny of its civilian nuclear program by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

Additional Information

• GSOMIA (General Security of Military Information Agreement) is a bilateral agreement between India and the US signed in 2002, and not in 2006, to facilitate sharing of military intelligence between the two countries.
  • The agreement enables the two nations to share military information and work together to counter terrorism and other security threats.
• LEMOA (Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement) is a logistics support agreement signed between India and the US in 2016, and not in 2018.
  • The agreement allows the military of both countries to use each other's bases for refuelling, repair and resupply.
  • The agreement is aimed at enhancing the strategic ties between India and the US and increasing interoperability between their militaries.

The duration of the current Foreign Trade Policy of India is Five years.Important Points

• The primary goal of the policy would be to position India as a global trade leader within the next five years. The Ministry of Commerce and Industry is preparing for the new policy as part of the Government's commitment to achieving its $5 trillion goal.
• Targeting a $5 trillion economy: The Prime Minister has urged citizens to "Voice for Local" and "Be Local and Go Global" to realise the vision of a $5 trillion Indian economy by 2025.
  • India has to quadruple its exports to $1 trillion by 2025 and see GDP growth of at least 8% to achieve this.
  • The advisory panel has recommended changes to labour regulations, lower capital costs, choosing the correct trading partner, sector-specific export promotion strategies, etc.
• Implementation of District Export Hubs - The new policy's "District Export hub initiative," which aims to assist small businesses and farmers by presenting export opportunities through eCommerce and digital marketing platforms, will play a significant role in the implementation of District Export Hubs.
• The sector has long demanded that India's international trade processes be balanced; discussions have been held to loosen restrictions on the global market about FTP policy and procedure, minimize transaction costs, and improve the convenience of doing business.

Thus we know that the duration of the current Foreign Trade policy of India is Five Years.

The correct answer is Pakistan.

Key Points

• The Indus Water Treaty is a water-sharing agreement between India and Pakistan that was signed in 1960.
• This is one of the most successful water-sharing agreements to date.
• The Indus Water Treaty was signed by then Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and then Pakistani President Mohammed Ayub Khan.
• The treaty gives India 20% of the water from the Indus River System and the rest 80% to Pakistan.

Additional Information

• The Indus River originates from Tibet.
• It runs through 4 countries - India, Pakistan, China, and Afghanistan.

​Thus correct answer is 31 Dec, 1988.Key Points

• Nuclear installations was signed on 31 December 1988 and entered into force on 27 January 1991 provides, inter alia, that India and Pakistan inform each other of the nuclear installations and facilities to be covered under the Agreement on the first of January of every calendar year.
• Under the Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack against Nuclear Installations and Facilities, both India and Pakistan inform each other of the nuclear installations and facilities in an attempt to prohibit the two sides from attacking each other's nuclear facilities.​

Thus, here nuclear installation agreement date was 31 December, 1988

The correct answer is Pakistan.
Key Points

• The Kishanganga Hydroelectric Project is a run-of-the-river hydroelectric scheme in Jammu and Kashmir, India.
• Its dam diverts water from the Kishanganga River to a power plant in the Jhelum River basin.
• Pakistan argues that the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) gives Pakistan control over the waters of the Indus, Chenab and Jhelum Rivers.
• Hence, this project is violation of the treaty, hence leading to dispute.

The correct answer is the Soviet Union.

Key Points

• India signed a 20-year 'Treaty of Peace and Friendship' in 1971 with the Soviet Union.
• The Indo-Soviet Treaty of Peace was signed in August 1971 and specified mutual strategic cooperation.
• The treaty was caused by increasing Pakistani ties with China and the United States.
• This was a deviation from India's previous position of Non-alignment during the Cold War.
• The duration of the treaty was 20 years and it was renewed for another 20 years on 8 August 1991.

 Thus, we can say that India signed a 20-year 'Treaty of Peace and Friendship' in 1971 with the Soviet Union.

The correct answer is Narendra Modi.

Key Points

• 'Neighbourhood First' policy in India's Foreign Policy is initiated by PM Narendra Modi. 
• The present government stressed the "Neighbourhood First" policy as an integral component of Indian foreign policy.
  • The policy strives to build cordial and synergetic relations with its South Asian neighbours in various areas such as economy, science and technology, research and education, among others. 
• The focus of our Neighbourhood First policy is to enhance connectivity, augment trade and investment, and build a secure and stable neighbourhood.
• This policy creates new avenues as well as leverages existing regional cooperation initiatives, such as SAARC, SASEC, BBIN, and BIMSTEC.
• It compliments India's Look East policy focused on Southeast Asia and Look West Policy focused on Middle East.

The SAARC Charter was ratified in Dhaka on December 8, 1985. 

Key Points

• SAARC comprises eight member states and headquarters and secretariat located in Kathmandu. 
• India's foreign policy has always placed "Neighbourhood First" as a top priority. 
• Narendra Modi intimated during the election campaign to put forward the idea of the neighbourhood first in order to promote friendly connections and synergistic economic growth.

Thus, the most appropriate answer is from options A and C Only.

Additional Information

• The Look East Policy has been replaced with the Act East Policy, which was unveiled in November 2014.
• It was unveiled in 2014 by the government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the Shangrila dialogue.  
• Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank was founded in 2015 to enhance social and economic outcomes in Asia. 
• It started operating in January 2016 and has its headquarters in Beijing.

Modern environmental politics did arise in the 1960s and 1970s. 

Key Points

• Many people believe that the concepts of modern green ideology or ecologism owe a lot to ancient pagan religions that emphasized the concept of an Earth Mother, as well as eastern faiths like Hinduism, Buddhism, and Daoism.
• In 1960, the Green ideology has grown in popularity owing to the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, as well as the advent of post-material.
• The idea that economic expansion is harming both the human race's survival and the earth on which it lives has heightened environmental concern.
• A rising body of literature has voiced such concerns.
• The Silent Spring (1962) written by Rachel Carson is a critique of the harm done to animals and the human world by excessive use of pesticides and other agricultural chemicals.
• It is widely regarded as the first book to raise awareness of an emerging ecological disaster. 
• Some other writing also raises the concern about the environment such as:
  • Ehrlich and Harriman’s How to Be a Survivor (1971)
  • Goldsmith et al.’s Blueprint for Survival (1972)
  • The unofficial UN report Only One Earth (1972) 
  • The Club of Rome’s The Limits to Growth (1972)

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• Kitto-Hachchiko Movement is a non-violent movement in Karnataka that took place in 1987.
• The government of Karnataka gave away a vast land for setting up a paper pulp industry for just a nominal lease.
• The industry planted a large number of Eucalyptus plants in the area.
• The people and farmers residing in the surrounding areas plucked away eucalyptus plants and planted other useful plants instead.

​Hence the statement I is wrong and the statement II is correct.