Social influence and Group Process MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Social influence and Group Process - Download Free PDF

Influence: Influence is defined as the change in an individual's thoughts, feelings, attitudes, or behaviors that results from interaction with another individual or group. It refers to the change in behavior that one person causes in another, intentionally or unintentionally.

Key Points: Intermediate group: Intermediate groups that are perceived as falling between the traditionally recognized advantaged and disadvantaged groups. we measured judgments of the intermediate group.

• The view that intermediate groups are not ''real'' groups helped explain their negative influence on them, and participants who strongly identified with an advantaged group were especially prone to this pattern of judgment.

Hence we concluded that a group that has a completely negative influence is an intermediate group.

Important PointsPrimary group: Primary groups are the group of people who are closely related to each other, they are emotionally connected with each other and share basic life rules with each other. They share the decision with each other and mutual respect and understanding play an important role in the primary group. People in the primary group are connected in many ways like thought, attitude, and emotions. 

Characteristics of Primary GroupFace-to-face interaction:

• Members of the primary group have close face-to-face interaction, especially with the family set members.
• Intimacy: Members share a stronger and more intimate relationship with each other.
• Mutual Aid & Help: Members are always there to help each other with every pros and cons.
• We Feeling: Members have we dealing towards each other and they have a common feeling towards other members
• small in Size: Primary groups are smaller in size. A large number decreases intimacy and loses the bond of the group.
• Physical proximity or nearness: Family members reside near each other and they live in close proximity.
• Frequent Interaction: As a small group has a small number of people they have frequent interactions with each other.
• Personal relation: Relations between people of a small group are nonformal in nature.The similarity of background: Small groups of people show similar backgrounds.

secondary group: Primary groups play a vital role in a person’s life; however, there are secondary groups that fulfill their maximum needs in life.n secondary groups, the relations are formal, impersonal, segmental, and utilitarian. These groups are less intimate as the level of interaction is restricted to a formal level.

Child rearing practices are parenting practices that are the mechanisms through which parents directly help their children attain socialization goals. A child’s mind is considered a tabula rasa in that it is a clean slate and the parents can mold the child in any way they feel like.

Key Points

• Parenting styles in western literature are defined as aggregates or constellations of behaviors that describe parent-child interactions over a wide range of situations and that are presumed to create a pervasive interactional climate.
• Parent influences child's basic values, like religious values, and issues related to their future, like educational choices and their personality.
• As children mature, parent-child relationships naturally change. Children who have a healthy relationship with their parents develop a positive attitude and vice-versa.
• Thus, it is concluded that the mutual relationship of parents influences child's personality gradually.

Basic to group formation is some contact and some form of interaction between people. This interaction is facilitated by Proximity, Similarity, Common motives, and goals.

Key Points

Stages of Group Formation: 

• Groups usually go through different stages of formation, conflict, stabilization, performance, and dismissal.
• Tuckman suggested that groups pass through five developmental sequences.
• These stages are: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.

Hence, the correct answer is Forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning

Additional InformationForming to storming:

• To establish clear objectives for the group at this first stage, create a team charter.
• And help team members to set personal goals so that they can see how their work will fit with the bigger picture.
• The forming stage is also about people getting to know one another.
• If you're working remotely, try virtual onboarding exercises to forge a group bond and establish buy-in to your vision.

Storming to norming:

• Storming can make or break a team, so it's essential that you establish processes to track the progress and success of tasks.
• The group must also feel safe putting forward ideas.
• To build team trust, try asking for help on tasks.
• That way you'll encourage people to reflect on what they can offer and what they need from other team members.

Norming to performing:

• Get your team to bond further with face-to-face or virtual team-building exercises.
• These social connections are especially important right now, as more of us work from home.
• So, keep them up through the norming period and beyond.

Performing to adjourning:

• When the team has settled into the performing stage, you can focus on other goals and new areas to benefit the business.
• Free up more time for yourself – and boost team engagement – by delegating tasks and projects.

Adjourning:

• Take the time to celebrate the team's achievements – having positive shared experiences will make it easier if you work with some of the same people again in the future.

The social process by which people interact face-to-face in small groups is called Group Dynamics.

• It is the study of the forces operating within a group.
• The word "dynamics" comes from the Greek word meaning "force", and therefore the group dynamics refers to the study of forces operating within a group in a social situation. It refers to changes that take place within groups and is concerned with the interaction and inter-relationships among group members in a social setting.
• In an organization, an individual does not behave or act alone. They behave as the member of some group.
• It is, therefore, become essential to understand the forces, operating in a group. 

Important Points

• ​The sociometric technique gives an objective picture of social relationships in a classroom.
• Jacob Levy Moreno developed this technique to study the relationship between social structures and psychological well-being.
• The words ‘sociometry’ is originated from the Latin word ‘socius’ meaning companion and ‘metrum’ meaning measure.
• The main purpose of a sociogram is to find out the basic network of friendship patterns.
• As a research technique, sociometry is useful to assess social behaviour, relatedness and interpersonal trust that exists within the group.
• The results of sociometry for studying social patterns in the group such as acceptance, status, cohesiveness and different roles. 
• Sociograms helps to know interpersonal acceptance-rejection among students.

Thus, it is concluded that For conducting research in group dynamics Sociometry technique can be used.

Hint

• Biometry is an imaging technique that involves taking measurements of the eye. In this test, we will measure the length of the eye and the curvature of the cornea (the clear window at the front of the eye), in order to calculate the lens strength.
• Anthropometry is the technical name for this preoccupation. It is the measurement of the body’s physical features, and these measures can play a key role as variables in epidemiology, psychology, and anthropology studies.
• Geometry is a type of math that deals with points, lines, shapes, and surfaces.

Important Points

• Interdependent means the participants mutually depend on one another to get work done; the teacher's part is to teach as the students strive to learn. 
• Reciprocal influence refers to mutual effects exchanged and felt by the same people.
• Classroom group allows students to interact with each other. They build a strong impact on the confidence level of each individual.
• A wise teacher allows the class group to discuss about the academic issues where the pupil's choice leads to more desired goals.
• Classroom groups can solve the issues related to academics with each other.

Thus, it is concluded that A wise teacher will permit the classroom group to decide academic issues, where pupil choice of the means will lead to more effective attainment of desired ends.

Hint

•  The classroom groups cannot decide all classroom issues as they are not incharge of the class. It is the teacher's duty to solve the issues of the class.
• The classroom group is not allowed to solve all issues in which they alone are involved and in which all the decisions-right or wrong will not matter much but they need to address the academic issues.

Social influence:

• The term ‘social influence’ refers to those processes whereby our attitudes and behaviors are influenced by the real or imagined presence of other people.
• Throughout the day you may encounter a number of situations where others have tried to influence you and make you think in ways they want. Your parents, teachers, friends, radio, and television commercials create one or the other kind of social influence.
• Social influence is a part of our life. In some situations, social influence on us is very strong as a result of which we tend to do things that we otherwise would have not done.
• Three important group influence processes, i.e. conformity, compliance, and obedience.

Cooperation: 

• When groups work together to achieve shared goals, we refer to it as cooperation.
• The rewards in cooperative situations are group rewards and not individual rewards. 

Hence, Behaviour according to the group norm is called Conformity.

Influence: Influence is defined as the change in an individual's thoughts, feelings, attitudes, or behaviors that results from interaction with another individual or group. It refers to the change in behavior that one person causes in another, intentionally or unintentionally.

Key Points: Intermediate group: Intermediate groups that are perceived as falling between the traditionally recognized advantaged and disadvantaged groups. we measured judgments of the intermediate group.

• The view that intermediate groups are not ''real'' groups helped explain their negative influence on them, and participants who strongly identified with an advantaged group were especially prone to this pattern of judgment.

Hence we concluded that a group that has a completely negative influence is an intermediate group.

Important PointsPrimary group: Primary groups are the group of people who are closely related to each other, they are emotionally connected with each other and share basic life rules with each other. They share the decision with each other and mutual respect and understanding play an important role in the primary group. People in the primary group are connected in many ways like thought, attitude, and emotions. 

Characteristics of Primary GroupFace-to-face interaction:

• Members of the primary group have close face-to-face interaction, especially with the family set members.
• Intimacy: Members share a stronger and more intimate relationship with each other.
• Mutual Aid & Help: Members are always there to help each other with every pros and cons.
• We Feeling: Members have we dealing towards each other and they have a common feeling towards other members
• small in Size: Primary groups are smaller in size. A large number decreases intimacy and loses the bond of the group.
• Physical proximity or nearness: Family members reside near each other and they live in close proximity.
• Frequent Interaction: As a small group has a small number of people they have frequent interactions with each other.
• Personal relation: Relations between people of a small group are nonformal in nature.The similarity of background: Small groups of people show similar backgrounds.

secondary group: Primary groups play a vital role in a person’s life; however, there are secondary groups that fulfill their maximum needs in life.n secondary groups, the relations are formal, impersonal, segmental, and utilitarian. These groups are less intimate as the level of interaction is restricted to a formal level.

Basic to group formation is some contact and some form of interaction between people. This interaction is facilitated by Proximity, Similarity, Common motives, and goals.

Stages of Group Formation:

• Groups usually go through different stages of formation, conflict, stabilization, performance, and dismissal.
• Tuckman suggested that groups pass through five developmental sequences.
  • These stages are: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.

The social process by which people interact face-to-face in small groups is called Group Dynamics.

• It is the study of the forces operating within a group.
• The word "dynamics" comes from the Greek word meaning "force", and therefore the group dynamics refers to the study of forces operating within a group in a social situation. It refers to changes that take place within groups and is concerned with the interaction and inter-relationships among group members in a social setting.
• In an organization, an individual does not behave or act alone. They behave as the member of some group.
• It is, therefore, become essential to understand the forces, operating in a group. 

Important Points

• ​The sociometric technique gives an objective picture of social relationships in a classroom.
• Jacob Levy Moreno developed this technique to study the relationship between social structures and psychological well-being.
• The words ‘sociometry’ is originated from the Latin word ‘socius’ meaning companion and ‘metrum’ meaning measure.
• The main purpose of a sociogram is to find out the basic network of friendship patterns.
• As a research technique, sociometry is useful to assess social behaviour, relatedness and interpersonal trust that exists within the group.
• The results of sociometry for studying social patterns in the group such as acceptance, status, cohesiveness and different roles. 
• Sociograms helps to know interpersonal acceptance-rejection among students.

Thus, it is concluded that For conducting research in group dynamics Sociometry technique can be used.

Hint

• Biometry is an imaging technique that involves taking measurements of the eye. In this test, we will measure the length of the eye and the curvature of the cornea (the clear window at the front of the eye), in order to calculate the lens strength.
• Anthropometry is the technical name for this preoccupation. It is the measurement of the body’s physical features, and these measures can play a key role as variables in epidemiology, psychology, and anthropology studies.
• Geometry is a type of math that deals with points, lines, shapes, and surfaces.

Basic to group formation is some contact and some form of interaction between people. This interaction is facilitated by Proximity, Similarity, Common motives, and goals.

Key Points

Stages of Group Formation: 

• Groups usually go through different stages of formation, conflict, stabilization, performance, and dismissal.
• Tuckman suggested that groups pass through five developmental sequences.
• These stages are: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.

Hence, the correct answer is Forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning

Additional InformationForming to storming:

• To establish clear objectives for the group at this first stage, create a team charter.
• And help team members to set personal goals so that they can see how their work will fit with the bigger picture.
• The forming stage is also about people getting to know one another.
• If you're working remotely, try virtual onboarding exercises to forge a group bond and establish buy-in to your vision.

Storming to norming:

• Storming can make or break a team, so it's essential that you establish processes to track the progress and success of tasks.
• The group must also feel safe putting forward ideas.
• To build team trust, try asking for help on tasks.
• That way you'll encourage people to reflect on what they can offer and what they need from other team members.

Norming to performing:

• Get your team to bond further with face-to-face or virtual team-building exercises.
• These social connections are especially important right now, as more of us work from home.
• So, keep them up through the norming period and beyond.

Performing to adjourning:

• When the team has settled into the performing stage, you can focus on other goals and new areas to benefit the business.
• Free up more time for yourself – and boost team engagement – by delegating tasks and projects.

Adjourning:

• Take the time to celebrate the team's achievements – having positive shared experiences will make it easier if you work with some of the same people again in the future.

Child rearing practices are parenting practices that are the mechanisms through which parents directly help their children attain socialization goals. A child’s mind is considered a tabula rasa in that it is a clean slate and the parents can mold the child in any way they feel like.

Key Points

• Parenting styles in western literature are defined as aggregates or constellations of behaviors that describe parent-child interactions over a wide range of situations and that are presumed to create a pervasive interactional climate.
• Parent influences child's basic values, like religious values, and issues related to their future, like educational choices and their personality.
• As children mature, parent-child relationships naturally change. Children who have a healthy relationship with their parents develop a positive attitude and vice-versa.
• Thus, it is concluded that the mutual relationship of parents influences child's personality gradually.

Social influence:

• The term ‘social influence’ refers to those processes whereby our attitudes and behaviors are influenced by the real or imagined presence of other people.
• Throughout the day you may encounter a number of situations where others have tried to influence you and make you think in ways they want. Your parents, teachers, friends, radio, and television commercials create one or the other kind of social influence.
• Social influence is a part of our life. In some situations, social influence on us is very strong as a result of which we tend to do things that we otherwise would have not done.
• Three important group influence processes, i.e. conformity, compliance, and obedience.

Cooperation: 

• When groups work together to achieve shared goals, we refer to it as cooperation.
• The rewards in cooperative situations are group rewards and not individual rewards. 

Hence, Behaviour according to the group norm is called Conformity.

The correct answer is Social Loafing.

Key Points

Social Loafing

• Social facilitation research suggests that presence of others leads to arousal and can motivate individuals to enhance their performance if they are already good at solving something. This enhancement occurs when a person’s efforts are individually evaluated.
• Social loafing is a reduction in individual effort when working on a collective task, i.e. one in which outputs are pooled with those of other group members.
• An example of such a task is the game of tug-of-war. It is not possible for you to identify how much force each member of the team has been exerting. Such situations give opportunities to group members to relax and become a free rider.

The explanation for social loafing are:

• Group members feel less responsible for the overall task being performed and therefore exert less effort.
• Motivation of members decreases because they realise that their contributions will not be evaluated on individual basis.
• The performance of the group is not to be compared with other groups.
• There is an improper coordination (or no coordination) among members.
• Belonging to the same group is not important for members. It is only an aggregate of individuals.

Social loafing may be reduced by:

• Making the efforts of each person identifiable.
• Increasing the pressure to work hard (making group members committed to successful task performance).
• Increasing the apparent importance or value of a task.
• Making people feel that their individual contribution is important.
• Strengthening group cohesiveness which increases the motivation for successful group outcome

The correct answer is Adjourning.

Key Points 

Group structure

• Group structure develops as members interact.
• Over time this interaction shows regularities in distribution of task to be performed, responsibilities assigned to members, and the prestige or relative status of members.

Four important elements of group structure are:

1. Roles: are socially defined expectations that individuals in a given situation are expected to fulfil. 

2. Norms: are expected standards of behaviour and beliefs established, agreed upon, and enforced by group members.

3. Status: refers to the relative social position given to group members by others. This relative position or status may be either ascribed (given may be because of one’s seniority) or achieved (the person has achieved status because of expertise or hard work).

4. Cohesiveness: refers to togetherness, binding, or mutual attraction among group members. As the group becomes more cohesive, group members start to think, feel and act as a social unit, and less like isolated individuals.

The correct answer is Social Distance

Key Points

• The social distance here refers to the acceptance that the others will have in regards to the individual becoming a head boy /head girl.  
• It is their normal feelings towards others and the amount of social interaction they have with the other in the school.  
• The interaction could be with the other students in school, friends, teachers, and mentors.  
• It is the nature of the social group to be either accepting the person as the head or even rejecting them.