Social Institutions MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Social Institutions - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is - February

Key Points

• Union Budget Presentation
  • The Finance Minister presents the Union Budget in Parliament every year.
  • Since 2017, it has been presented on February 1st.
  • The change ensures timely implementation of financial provisions from April 1st.
• Budget Session
  • The Budget session of Parliament is divided into two phases:
  • Phase 1: Presentation and general discussion (February)
  • Phase 2: Detailed scrutiny and approval (March-April)

Additional Information

• History of Budget Presentation
  • Before 2017, the budget was presented on the last working day of February.
  • The change to February 1st was made to allow government departments to plan expenditure earlier.
• Types of Budget
  • Union Budget: Covers government income (revenue) and expenditure.
  • Vote on Account: A temporary budget in case the full budget isn't passed before April 1st.
• Key Reform:
  • The Railway Budget was merged with the Union Budget in 2017.
  • The classification of expenditure into "Plan" and "Non-Plan" was removed in the same year.

The correct answer is - i-b, ii-d, iii-a, iv-c

Key Points

• FICCI (Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry)
  • It is an association formed by industrialists to represent the interests of Indian businesses.
  • Established in 1927, it is one of India's largest trade and industry organizations.
• INTUC (Indian National Trade Union Congress)
  • It is a trade union affiliated with the Indian National Congress.
  • Founded in 1947, it aims to promote the welfare of workers.
• Shetkari Sangathan
  • It is an agricultural union advocating for farmers' rights in India.
  • Founded by Sharad Joshi, it focuses on issues like fair pricing and economic policies affecting farmers.
• Nyaya Panchayats
  • These are local judicial bodies with limited authority to handle petty civil and criminal cases in villages.
  • They help in resolving disputes at the grassroots level.

Additional Information

• FICCI's Role in Economic Policy
  • Works closely with the government to shape economic policies.
  • Hosts events like the India Economic Summit to discuss business reforms.
• INTUC's Impact on Labor Rights
  • Advocates for minimum wages and better working conditions.
  • Represents workers in negotiations with industries and policymakers.
• Shetkari Sangathan’s Farmer Protests
  • Organized large-scale protests demanding fair crop prices.
  • Opposes excessive government intervention in agricultural markets.
• Nyaya Panchayats in Rural Justice
  • Help in reducing court case backlog by handling minor disputes.
  • Follow a simplified legal process for speedy resolutions.

The correct answer is - Supreme Court

Key Points

• Supreme Court of India
  • It is the highest judicial authority and the ultimate interpreter of the Indian Constitution.
  • Established under Article 124, it serves as the guardian of fundamental rights and ensures constitutional supremacy.
• Analysis of options:
  • Option a (High Court) - Incorrect: High Courts are the highest courts at the state level, but their decisions can be reviewed by the Supreme Court.
  • Option b (Parliament) - Incorrect: Parliament makes laws, but the Supreme Court can review laws to check their constitutionality.
  • Option c (President of India) - Incorrect: The President is the executive head, not a judicial authority.
  • Option d (Supreme Court) - Correct: It has final authority over constitutional interpretation.

Additional Information

• Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
  • Original Jurisdiction: Disputes between the Centre and States (Article 131).
  • Appellate Jurisdiction: Hears appeals against High Court judgments (Article 132-134).
  • Advisory Jurisdiction: Provides legal advice to the President (Article 143).
• Judicial Review Power
  • Ensures that laws made by Parliament are consistent with the Constitution.
  • Has the power to strike down unconstitutional laws.

The correct answer is - Achieving power and honor

Key Points

• Max Weber's View on Political Parties
  • According to Weber, political parties are associations formed to pursue political power and influence.
  • The primary aim of political parties is achieving power and securing honor for their members.
  • They seek to influence policy decisions and gain control over government institutions.
• Distinction from Other Political Entities
  • Unlike interest groups, which focus on lobbying for specific interests, parties compete for direct political power.
  • Unlike social movements, which aim for broad societal change, political parties focus on winning elections.

Additional Information

• Max Weber’s Classification of Political Domination
  • Weber categorized political authority into three types:
    • Traditional authority – Based on customs and hereditary rule (e.g., monarchy).
    • Charismatic authority – Based on a leader’s personal appeal and charisma (e.g., revolutionary leaders).
    • Legal-rational authority – Based on laws and formal institutions (e.g., modern democracies).
• Role of Political Parties in Democracy
  • Political parties act as intermediaries between the government and the public.
  • They facilitate political participation and ensure representation of different societal interests.
  • They play a crucial role in policy-making and governance.

The correct answer is - Interest groups

Key Points

• Interest groups primarily lobby with government bodies to influence policy decisions in favor of their specific interests.
• They operate outside the electoral process and focus on advocacy rather than contesting elections.
• Political parties (Option A) aim to gain power, while interest groups seek to influence those in power.
• Social movements (Option C) focus on broader societal changes rather than direct lobbying.
• Political leaders (Option D) may be involved in decision-making but do not function as dedicated lobbying entities.

Additional Information

• Types of Interest Groups:
  • Economic groups: Business associations, trade unions, and agricultural groups.
  • Public interest groups: Focus on environmental protection, human rights, or social welfare.
  • Professional associations: Organizations representing lawyers, doctors, or educators.
• Methods of Lobbying:
  • Direct lobbying: Meeting with lawmakers to present their demands.
  • Grassroots lobbying: Mobilizing public opinion through campaigns.
  • Litigation: Filing court cases to influence policy changes.
• Examples of Interest Groups:
  • Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI).
  • Greenpeace (environmental advocacy).
  • All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC).

The correct answer is G.P. Murdock

Key Points

• Family is the basic unit of society. In its minimal form, family may consist of a husband, wife and children. In its widest sense, it refers to all relatives of several generations connected to each other by blood, marriage or adoption.
• On the basis of size and structure or according to the number of members, family may be classified into two types:​
  • Nuclear Family
  • Joint Family or Extended Family
• A nuclear family is a family which consists of husband, wife and their unmarried children. 
• Murdock divides nuclear family into two types: (a) The Family of orientation and (b) the Family of procreation.
• The family in which an individual is born and reared and socialized is known as the family of orientation. It consists of father, mother, brother and sister. 

• The family of procreation refers to the family established by the person through marriage. It consists of husband, wife their sons and daughters.

Hence, the correct answer is - G.P. Murdock.

Additional Information

 

The correct answer is Members of family.

Key Points

• Members of the family come under a group, which is related to the Primary group.
• A society is composed of different types of groups that vary in terms of
  • Social interaction
  • Degree of intimacy of contact
  • Degree of organization
  • range of group interest
  • size, etc.
• Primary Groups as the name suggests are the groups that are the main source of an individual’s relationships and socialization.
• Its main characteristic is that it has an intimate face-to-face association and cooperation.
• Examples:- Family, Neighbourhood, peer group

Additional Information

• The Secondary Group is the group that is formal, impersonal, contractual, and specialized in nature.
• When we are in a secondary group, the interaction is generally on a less personal level, as compared to the primary group.
• Passengers waiting at the railway station are an example of a secondary group. 
• secondary groups are large groups whose relationships are impersonal and goal-oriented.
• People in a secondary group interact on a less personal level than in a primary group, and their relationships are generally temporary rather than long-lasting.

Separation anxiety disorder is a disorder in which a child becomes excessively anxious when separated from parents. Separation anxiety is a normal stage of development for infants and toddlers. Key Points

• Young children often experience a period of separation anxiety, but most children outgrow separation anxiety by about 3 years of age.
• In some children, separation anxiety is a sign of a more serious condition known as separation anxiety disorder, starting as early as preschool age.
• Recurrent and excessive distress about anticipating or being away from home or loved ones Constant, excessive worry about losing a parent or other loved one to an illness or a disaster.
• Constant worry that something bad will happen, such as being lost or kidnapped, causing separation from parents or other loved ones Refusing to be away from home because of fear of separation.

Hence, we can conclude that children coming from close-knit and caring family are a victim of Separation anxiety disorder.

Evolutionary theory is not related to the origin of the family rather it is related to the Darwinian theory of Evolution

Important Points

• The origin of the human species is examined in the context of evolutionary ideas is called the evolutionary theory.
• This viewpoint holds that modern people have traits that have been passed down from generation to generation that have been genetically influenced and have helped them succeed in reproduction.
• Variation within species has an adaptive benefit and this is highlighted in the evolutionary theory.

Thus we know that evolutionary theory is not related to the origin of the family.

Option 3) A, C, D and E only is the correct answer.

Important Points A Hindu marriage ceremony consists of a series of ritual performances, which are:

• Kanyadan
• Vivaha-havan
• Pani-grahan
• Sapta-padi

Additional Information

• Kanyadan is a Hindu wedding ritual where the father of the bride gives her away to the groom.
• Vivaha-havan is a fire ritual performed during a Hindu wedding ceremony to symbolize the union of two souls and families.
• Pani-grahan is a Hindu wedding ritual where the groom takes the bride's hand to signify his acceptance of her as his partner in life.
• Sapta-padi is a Hindu wedding ritual where the bride and groom take seven steps together while making seven promises to each other.

The disharmony between the rapid growth of technology and the slower transformation of Social Institutions and beliefs is known as Cultural Lag.Important Points 

• The difference between material culture and non-material culture is known as cultural lag.
• The term cultural lag refers to the notion that culture takes time to catch up with technological innovations, and the resulting social problems that are caused by this lag.

Additional Information  

• Technological Lag when people fail to adjust to the rapid environmental and technological changes, it will cause a lag or a gap between the cultures. This resonates with ideas of technological determinism, which means that technology determines the development of its cultural values and social structure.
• Communication Lag occurs when it takes a few hours for someone to respond to a message. A conversation gets lost in a Slack channel.
• Information Lag is the time it takes for information to be disseminated worldwide.

The correct answer is B. Malinowski

Important Points

• Different scholars and sociologist have tried to define the term 'marriage'. They differ from each other.
• According to B. Malinowski, “Marriage is a contract for the production and maintenance of children.”
• Edward Westermark in his famous book ‘History of human marriage’ defined, “Marriage is a relation of one or more men to one or more women which is recognized by customs or law and involves certain rights and duties both in case of parties entering into the union and in the case of children born of it.”
• According to H.M. Johnson, “Marriage is a stable relationship in which a man and a woman are socially permitted without loss of standing in community to have children.”
• According to Lowie, “Marriage is a relatively permanent bond between permissible mates.”
• According to Horton and Hunt, “Marriage is the approved social pattern whereby two or more persons establish a family.”

• According to Hoebel, “The complexes of social norms that define and control the relations of a mated pair to each other their kinsmen, their offspring and their society at large.”

Therefore, the correct answer is - B. Malinowski.

Additional Information Different types of marriage are shown below in the diagram:

Theodor Adorno criticized the effects of "mass media" and "culture industry" on the population.Important Points 

• 'Culture industry’ is a term coined by Adorno & Horkheimer.
• It refers to popular culture being akin to factories that produce standardized cultural goods (e.g., films, radio, magazines) used to manipulate mass society in various ways.

Additional Information 

• Ulrich Beck propounded the famous theory of Risk Society which means that advancements in science and technology have accelerated modernization and globalization, processes which have created more societal risks alongside their positive impacts on the world.
• Alfred Schutz was an Austrian-born U.S. sociologist and philosopher who developed a social science based on phenomenology. He drew attention to the social presuppositions underlying everyday life and to the creation of social reality through symbols and human action. His work laid the basis for the field of ethnomethodology, the study of people’s common understanding of the structure of social interaction. His principal work is The Phenomenology of the Social World.
• Ernest Burgess was a Canadian-American urban Sociologist. Burgess's collaborative research with Park focused on urban land use and the social aspects of the urban community.

Levirate is the term to describe women marrying the brother of her deceased husband.Important Points 

• Levirate marriage is a type of marriage in which the brother of a deceased man is obliged to marry his brother's widow.
• Levirate marriage has been practiced by societies with a strong clan structure in which exogamous marriage (i.e. marriage outside the clan) is forbidden.

Additional Information 

• Sororate marriage the marriage of one man to two or more sisters usually successively and after the first wife has been found to be barren or after her death.
• Amitate refers to the special relationship that persists between a nephew/niece and their paternal aunt. This usage is found in patriarchal societies.
• Avunculate refers to the special relationship that persists between a nephew/niece and their maternal uncle. This usage is found in matriarchal societies.

The correct answer is Duties, conduct, virtues and way of living

Key Points

• Dharma is a concept with multiple meanings within Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism, and Buddhism. 
• Dharma in Hinduism centers around laws, virtues, duties, rights, conduct and the proper way of living. 
• Buddhism connects Dharma with Buddha's teachings of cosmic law and order.
• Dharma in Jainism focuses on the principle of motion known as dravya, religion, and the ten virtues of Dharma.

• Dharma within Sikhism is the path of righteousness. 

Therefore, we can say that in Hinduism, Dharma mainly signifies duties, conduct, virtues and way of living.

Additional Information

• There are three main principles on which Hindu philosophy is based. They are:
  • ​Dharma - It means that every person has a moral duty to do what is right and to lead a pious life.
  • Karma - It means that people must face the consequences of their actions ie good deeds must be rewarded and evil deeds must be punished.
  • Transmigration of the soul - It means the passing of a person’s soul, after death, into another body.