Web 2.0 & 3.0 MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Web 2.0 & 3.0 - Download Free PDF

The Correct answer is 2012.

Key Points

• Founded in 2012, DigitalOcean was designed to provide simple and affordable cloud computing solutions for developers.
• Its first product, the Droplet, is an easy-to-use virtual machine that can be deployed in minutes.
• Over time, DigitalOcean has expanded its offerings to cater to both developers and small-to-medium-sized businesses (SMBs) at the forefront of innovation.
• Headquartered in New York City, DigitalOcean Holdings, Inc. is an American multinational cloud service provider with 15 data centers worldwide.
• The company offers cloud infrastructure-as-a-service platforms, primarily serving developers, startups, and SMBs.
• In addition to cloud services, DigitalOcean hosts Hacktoberfest, an annual event celebrating open-source software, in partnership with organizations like GitHub, Twilio, and Intel.

The correct answer is (a) - (ii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iii), (d) - (iv)

Key Points

•  Amazon Web Services (AWS)
  • Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a commercial cloud platform owned by Amazon.
  • It offers a wide range of cloud services such as computing, storage, machine learning, etc.
  • It is not open-source, and users pay to use its services.
  • Since the source code is not freely available or modifiable by users, it is proprietary software.
• Eucalyptus
  • Eucalyptus (Elastic Utility Computing Architecture for Linking Your Programs To Useful Systems) is an open-source cloud computing software.
  • It was one of the earliest platforms that supported AWS-compatible private clouds.
  • It was released under the GNU General Public License version 3 (GPLv3), which allows users to run, study, share, and modify the software.
• OpenStack
  • OpenStack is a well-known open-source cloud computing platform used to build and manage public and private clouds.
  • It is developed and supported by a global community.
  • OpenStack is licensed under the Apache License 2.0, which allows users to use, modify, and distribute the software freely.
• GigaSpaces Cloudify
  • Cloudify is an open-source orchestration platform used for deploying and managing applications and network services across hybrid cloud environments.
  • Developed by GigaSpaces, it emphasizes automation and flexibility.
  • Being open source, its codebase is available for users to modify or extend based on their needs.

The Correct answer is i, iii and iv are correct.

Key PointsDrupal:

• Drupal is a free and open-source web content management system (CMS) written in PHP and distributed under the GNU General Public License.
• Drupal was originally written by Dries Buytaert and was first released in 2001.
• It provides a robust platform for efficiently organizing, managing, and publishing content, offering extensive customization options. Serving as a content management solution,
• Drupal powers numerous websites and applications globally.
• Its development, utilization, and maintenance are supported by a vibrant and diverse community of contributors worldwide.

Joomla:

• Joomla is a free and open-source content management system (CMS) for publishing web content on websites.
• Joomla was the outcome of a fork of Mambo on 17 August 2005.
• On 28 January 2008, the first major revision to Joomla was announced

Open CMS:

• OpenCms is an open-source content management system (CMS) written in Java and distributed under the LGPL license by Alkacon Software.
• It requires a JSP Servlet container like Apache Tomcat for operation.
• Launched in 1999, OpenCms is based on the proprietary MhtCms. The first open-source version was released in 2000. 

Additional Information

The Correct answer is The Dark Web is a hidden part of the Deep Web accessible via special browsers like Tor.

Key Points

• The surface web.
  • The surface web (or open web) is the part of the internet indexed by search engines like Google.
  • It comprises public websites accessed through standard browsers and makes up less than 5% of the entire web.
• The deep web:
  • The deep web lies beneath the surface and includes about 90% of all web content.
  • It is not indexed by search engines and includes secure databases, academic journals, and private networks.
  • It is mostly legal and accessed regularly through login credentials (e.g., banking, email, internal portals).
• The dark web:
  • The dark web is a subset of the deep web that is intentionally hidden and accessible only through specialized browsers like Tor.
  • It is known for providing anonymity and hosts both legal content (like whistleblower platforms) and illegal activities (like illicit trade).
  • The dark web is not indexed by regular search engines and employs heavy encryption and security measures.

The Correct answer is A- 2, B-1, C-4, D-3.

Key Points

• (1) Quik Heal → (b) Antivirus
  • Quik Heal is a well-known antivirus software developed in India. It protects computers and devices from malware, viruses, spyware, and other online threats.
  • Quick Heal Technologies is an Indian multinational cybersecurity company based in Pune.
  • It provides security solutions for individuals, businesses, servers, and cloud environments.
  • Its enterprise products are offered under the Seqrite brand. The company is listed on both BSE and NSE.
  • It was Founded in 1995 as CAT Computer Services Pvt. Ltd., it was renamed Quick Heal Technologies in 2007 by Kailash Katkar and Sanjay Katkar.
• Directory → (a) DOAJ:​
  • Established in 2003 with an initial 300 open-access journals, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) is a website that houses a community-curated list of open-access journals. It is maintained by Infrastructure Services for Open Access (IS4OA).
  • DOAJ is dedicated to enhancing the visibility, accessibility, reputation, usage, and impact of high-quality, peer-reviewed, open-access scholarly research journals on a global scale, without any restrictions based on discipline, geography, or language.
  • DOAJ is a founding member of Think. Check. Submit. and actively contribute to this initiative as a longstanding committee member.
  • Launched in 2015, Think. Check. Submit. emerged in response to concerns about predatory publishing and the increasing array of unfamiliar publishing avenues confronting researchers in scholarly communications.
• Personal web pages → (d) Blogs:
  • ​Personal web pages are usually created and maintained by individuals.
  • These often contain opinions, experiences, diaries, or updates — this is essentially the definition of blogs.
• Amazon.com → (c) Vendor on Internet
  • ​Amazon.com is a major e-commerce platform and acts as a vendor on the internet, selling products and offering services online.

The correct answer is Mike Bergman.

Key Points

• The deep web, invisible web, or hidden web are parts of the World Wide Web whose contents are hidden from search.
• Computer scientist Michael K. Bergman is credited with inventing the term in 2001 as a search-indexing term.
• Deep websites can be accessed by a direct URL or IP address.
• It also includes paywalled services such as video on demand and some online magazines and newspapers.

The correct answer is Expert System.

Key Points

• Expert Systems are designed to mimic human decision-making abilities.
• These systems use artificial intelligence to simulate the judgment and behavior of a human or an organization with expert-level knowledge.
• They are used in various fields such as medical diagnosis, financial services, and customer support.
• Expert systems typically consist of a knowledge base and an inference engine.
• The knowledge base contains domain-specific knowledge, while the inference engine applies logical rules to the knowledge base to derive conclusions.
• These systems can provide explanations and justifications for their conclusions, which helps in understanding and trust.

 Additional Information

• Artificial Intelligence System
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines.
  • AI systems can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and language translation.
  • Examples include virtual assistants like Siri and Google Assistant.
• Machine Learning System
  • Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of AI that focuses on the development of algorithms that allow computers to learn from and make predictions based on data.
  • ML is used in applications such as recommendation systems, fraud detection, and image recognition.
• Learning Management System
  • A Learning Management System (LMS) is a software application for the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting, and delivery of educational courses or training programs.
  • Examples include platforms like Moodle, Blackboard, and Canvas.

The Correct answer is Online cataloging Service:

Key Points

• Library Thing-
  • LibraryThing is a social cataloging web application for storing and sharing book catalogs and various types of book metadata used by authors, individuals, libraries, and publishers.
  • The catalog would be available online and can be accessed over the Web and even on mobile phones.
  • Features of Library Thing-
    • It provides the facility to import catalogs from other sources if the document is already cataloged online e.g. by the Library of Congress or Amazon.
    • It enables you to create your own library with several collections.

Confusion Points

• Libib:
  • It is an online cataloging tool.
  • it was founded in 2012.
• Goodreads:
  • It is an American Social Cataloguing website and a subsidiary of Amazon that allows individuals to search its database of books.
  • It was found in 2006 and Launched in 2007
• Internet of Things-
  • ​The term IoT, or Internet of Things, refers to the collective network of connected devices and the technology that facilitates communication between devices and the cloud, as well as between the devices themselves.
  • The term "Internet of Things" was coined independently by Kevin Ashton of Procter & Gamble, later of MIT's Auto-ID Center, in 1999.

The correct answer is "Squidoo".

Key Points

• Digg-
  • It is an American news aggregator.
  • It was launched on July 31, 2012.
• Squidoo-
  • It was a revenue-sharing article-writing site.
  • It was founded in 2005.
• Delicious-
  • It was a social bookmarking web service for storing, sharing, and discovering web bookmarks.
  • It was founded by Joshua Schachter in 2003.
• Facebook-
  • Facebook is an online social media and social networking website.
  • It was founded by Mark Zuckerberg in 2004.
  • It is owned by the American company Meta Platforms.

Additional Information

•  Social bookmarking is an online service through which users can add, annotate, edit and share bookmarks of web documents.
• Delicious popularized the terms social bookmarking and tagging. 

The correct answer is Generation Y

Key Points

• As per P.S. Jeesmitha's definition in 2019, social media refers to a group of applications and websites, such as Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp, LinkedIn, YouTube, and more, designed to connect individuals for sharing information and raising awareness about events through social networking.
• As per Shivarama Rao, K. Subangi, M. C., and Malhan (2019), social software in the Web 2.0 era not only improves library practicality but also adds value to the librarian's role, enhancing the profession itself.
• In 2011, E. Botha, M. Farshid, and L. Pitt observed that members of Generation 'Y' were increasingly turning to Facebook as a substitute for traditional email communication.​

Additional Information

• Academic social networking sites (ASNS) are digital platforms where users share academic content, track article demand, and engage in professional interactions and discussions.
• Academia.edu:
  • ​Founded by Richard Price in 2008 in San Francisco as part of the Open Science movement, aims to promote and facilitate the publication of studies. 
  • Research Gate:
    • ​Founded in 2008 in Berlin by Ijad Madisch, Horst Fickenscher, and Sören Hofmayer, ResearchGate aims to connect researchers globally, fostering continuous communication without geographical limitations.
  • Method Space:
    • ​Sponsored by SAGE Publishing, is an online network designed for researchers of all levels, including students and professors, interested in research methods. It serves as a platform for networking, sharing research, and resources, and engaging in academic debates.

The Correct answer is Twitter.

Key Points

• Microblogging platforms allow users to share short updates, thoughts, or messages in the form of brief posts, often limited to a specific character count. 
• Twitter, with its character limit per tweet, exemplifies the concept of microblogging.​

Additional Information

• WordPress:
  • ​WordPress is a content management system (CMS) that allows users to create and manage websites. It offers a flexible platform with various themes, plugins, and customization options.
  • Function: WordPress is primarily used for building and maintaining websites or blogs. It provides a user-friendly interface for content creation and website management.
• Blogspot:
  • ​Blogspot, also known as Blogger, is a blog-publishing service provided by Google. It allows users to create and manage their blogs with various customization features.
  • Function: Blogspot is used for creating and hosting blogs. Users can choose templates, customize layouts, and publish content easily.
• LiveJournal:
  • ​LiveJournal is a social networking platform with a strong emphasis on blogging. It enables users to share thoughts, experiences, and multimedia content.
  • Function: LiveJournal combines elements of social networking and blogging. Users create journals, share updates, and connect with others in a community-oriented environment.

The Correct answer is Revish.com.

Key Points

• Revish.com:
  • ​Revish is a platform designed for book enthusiasts where users can engage in various activities related to reading and sharing their reading experiences.
  • Some features of Revish include:
    • Writing Reviews
    • Maintaining Reading Lists
    • Reading Journal
    • Reading Reviews by Others Etc.
  • It's a community-driven platform that fosters a love for reading and encourages interaction among book lovers.

Additional Information

• Delicious.com:
  • It was a social bookmarking web service for storing, sharing, and discovering web bookmarks.
  • It was founded by Joshua Schachter in 2003.
• Diggo.com:
  • Diigo is a social bookmarking website that enables registered users to bookmark and tag web pages.
  • It offers the additional feature of allowing users to highlight specific parts of a webpage and attach sticky notes either to particular highlights or the entire page. 
• Netvouz.com:
  • ​Netvouz is a social bookmarking service that provides users with the ability to save and access their favorite links online from any computer.
  • Users can efficiently organize their bookmarks into folders and assign keywords as tags, facilitating quick access through a personalized bookmarks page.

The Correct answer is A, B, and C only.

Key Points

• Semantic Web is a concept introduced by Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web, which aims to make web content more machine-readable and interconnected.
• It involves adding metadata, or data about data, to web resources in a structured format, using standards such as RDF (Resource Description Framework) and OWL (Web Ontology Language), Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), SPARQL, etc.
• This metadata provides meaning and context to web content, allowing computers to interpret and understand the relationships between different resources and concepts.
• Linked Data is a set of best practices for publishing and interlinking data on the web, following the principles of the Semantic Web.
• Linked Data enables data to be easily shared, combined, and queried by computers, making it possible for machines to understand and process web content in a more intelligent and automated way.​

Additional Information

•  ​​RDF:
  • RDF stands for Resource Description Framework.​
  • RDF is a framework for describing resources on the web.
  • The first version of RDF was published in 1998, final W3C recommendation was released on 10. February 2004.
  • RDF documents are written in XML. The XML language used by RDF is called RDF/XML.
  • RDF is a part of the W3C's Semantic Web Activity.
• ​Ontologies:
  • They define the relationships and concepts within a specific domain in a formal and structured manner.
  • Ontologies provide a common vocabulary and set of rules for describing and understanding data, enabling better interoperability and semantic understanding among different systems and applications.
• Uniform Resource Identifier (URI):
  • A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a fundamental concept in web technologies, serving as a unique sequence of characters that identifies various resources, whether they are physical, logical, conceptual, or information-related.
  • URIs play a crucial role in structuring and identifying data on the web

The Correct answer is Bronze OA.

Key Points

• Open access (OA) is a set of principles and practices aimed at making research outputs freely available online without access charges or other barriers.
• This movement seeks to promote the open sharing of knowledge. 
• Open-access publishing encompasses various models, and these models are often described using a color naming system.
• Color naming of OA.
  • Gold OA:
    • In the Gold Open Access (OA) model, publishers make all articles and associated content freely available on the journal's website from the moment of publication.
    • Gold OA journals provide immediate and unrestricted access to all articles and content they publish. Readers can freely read, download, share, and reuse the research without encountering paywalls or subscription fees.
  • Green Open Access (OA):
    • ​Green Open Access (OA) is a model of open-access publishing that allows authors to self-archive their research work, making it freely accessible to the public.
    • In the Green OA model, authors have the permission to self-archive their research outputs. This means that, independently of the formal publication by a publisher, authors can upload their work to various platforms. 
  • Hybrid Open Access (OA):
    • ​Hybrid open-access (OA) journals are a specific type of academic journal that contains a mix of open-access and closed-access articles.
    •  Hybrid OA journals publish both open-access articles and closed-access (subscription-based) articles within the same journal. 
  • Bronze OA:
    • ​Bronze open-access articles are freely accessible to read, but they lack a clearly identifiable license.
    • In this, a publisher offers free access to articles for a week's or a month's time.
    • Readers may not have the same rights to share, adapt, or redistribute the content as they would with openly licensed articles.
  • Diamond/Platinum OA:
    • ​Diamond or platinum open-access journals are those that publish research openly without charging authors article processing charges (APCs).
    • These journals do not charge readers or authors directly for access. Instead, they rely on external funding sources such as advertisements, academic institutions, learned societies, philanthropy, or government grants to cover their publishing costs.
  • Black OA:
    • ​Black open access, sometimes associated with practices like Sci-Hub, refers to the unauthorized digital copying and sharing of paywalled or subscription-based literature.
    • It involves making copyrighted content freely accessible without proper authorization. 

The Correct answer is D, B, A, C, E.

Key Points

• D. RDF (Resource Description Framework) is at the base as it provides the foundation for data representation in the semantic web.
• B. Ontology is built on top of RDF to define the structure and relationships of the data.
• A. Logic is used to infer knowledge from the ontology.
• C. Proof is related to verifying or proving the logical statements and inference processes.
• E. Trust is the highest layer, dealing with ensuring the reliability and credibility of the data and processes in the semantic web.

Additional Information

• According to Tim Berners-Lee, “Semantic web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.
• The term Semantics means the study of meaning expressed by elements of a language, characterizable as a symbolic system. 
• The semantic web has a Seven layered architecture which is composed mainly of seven functions and each function is nearly represented by a layer.