Comparative Political Analysis MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Comparative Political Analysis - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The correct answer is 'D and E Only'

Key Points

• Xenophobia:
  • Xenophobia refers to the fear and hatred of strangers or foreigners, not the demand for self-determination.
  • It involves negative attitudes towards individuals from other countries or cultures.
  • This is often manifested in discriminatory practices and social exclusion.
• Universalism:
  • Universalism is the belief in the universal application of concepts, values, or rights, rather than behavior characterized by insularity and exclusivity.
  • It promotes inclusivity and the idea that all humans are entitled to certain rights and standards.
  • This concept is often linked to human rights, ethics, and global citizenship.

Additional Information

• Economic Nationalism:
  • Economic Nationalism is correctly matched with fostering the domestic economy through protectionism.
  • It involves policies that emphasize domestic control of the economy, labor, and capital formation.
• Nativism:
  • Nativism is correctly matched with voicing the needs of native inhabitants against those of immigrants.
  • It prioritizes the interests of established inhabitants over those of newcomers.
• Colonialism:
  • Colonialism is correctly matched with the practice of establishing control over a foreign territory.
  • It involves the exploitation of the colonized country for the benefit of the colonizing country.

The correct answer is '1-C, 2-A, 3-D, 4-B'

Key Points

• The Scramble for Africa:
  • Written by Thomas Pakenham, this book provides a comprehensive history of the European colonization of Africa during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
  • It details the political, economic, and social impacts of this colonization period.
• Heart of Darkness:
  • Authored by Joseph Conrad, this novella explores the dark aspects of European colonialism in Africa through the journey of Charles Marlow up the Congo River.
  • It is a critical analysis of the effects of colonization and the darkness within human nature.
• Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism:
  • Written by Kwame Nkrumah, the first President of Ghana, this book discusses the continued economic and political control of former colonies by Western powers after formal decolonization.
  • It argues that neo-colonialism is a new form of imperialism that exploits the resources of developing countries.
• How Europe Underdeveloped Africa:
  • Authored by Walter Rodney, this book examines the historical roots and mechanisms of underdevelopment in Africa due to European colonization and exploitation.
  • It provides a Marxist analysis of the economic and social impacts of colonialism on the African continent.

The correct answer is 'Samuel P. Huntington'

Key Points

• Political Decay:
  • Samuel P. Huntington introduced the concept of "Political Decay" in his seminal work "Political Order in Changing Societies" (1968).
  • Political Decay refers to the process by which political systems deteriorate in their ability to maintain order and ensure good governance.
  • Huntington argued that political systems may fail to adapt to changing social and economic conditions, leading to instability, corruption, and inefficiency.
  • He emphasized the importance of institutional development and the role of political organizations in maintaining political order.

Additional Information

• Lucian W. Pye:
  • Lucian W. Pye was a political scientist known for his work on political culture and development, but he did not specifically develop the concept of political decay.
• Sidney Verba:
  • Sidney Verba was a prominent political scientist who focused on civic culture and political participation. While his work has been influential, he did not coin the term political decay.
• Almond and Powell:
  • Gabriel Almond and Bingham Powell are known for their contributions to comparative politics and the study of political systems, but they did not introduce the concept of political decay.

The correct answer is 'A, C, D Only.'

Key Points

• Comparative Politics:
  • Comparative Politics involves the study and comparison of political systems globally. It examines political institutions, processes, and behaviors across different countries.
• Traditional approach in Comparative Politics:
  • In traditional approach, emphasis is on value-laden study of politics:
  • The traditional approach often includes normative and philosophical aspects and focuses on the values and moral judgments in political analysis.
• Behavioural approach:
  • David Easton is one of the leading theorists of Behaviouralism:
  • David Easton significantly contributed to the Behavioural approach, emphasizing empirical and scientific methods in political science.
  • David Easton's input-output analysis has three main variables in the form of demands, supports, and feedbacks:
  • Easton's system analysis model includes inputs (demands and supports), the political system, and outputs (decisions and actions), with feedback loops.

Additional Information

• Behavioural approach is one of the important traditional approaches:
  • This is incorrect.
  • The Behavioural approach is not a traditional approach; it emerged in the mid-20th century as a reaction against the traditional, normative approaches, focusing more on empirical and scientific methods.
• 'Political assassination is one of the important positive indices of political development:
  • This is incorrect.
  • Political assassination is generally viewed as a negative and destabilizing factor in political development, not a positive index.

The correct answer is The "Credo of Relevance" directly relates to the shift from Behaviouralism to Post-Behaviouralism, which called for political science to be directly relevant to solving social problems, marking a reaction against the perceived ahistoricism, scientism, and lack of policy relevance of earlier approaches.

The Correct Answer is Exploitation Colonialism

Explanation: Exploitation colonialism is characterized by the exploitation of natural resources and the use of the local population as cheap labor for economic benefits. This practice is exemplified by the use of indigenous labor in regions like India and Southeast Asia for cash crop cultivation.

 Key Points

The type of colonialism in which the indigenous population was used as cheap labor to cultivate cash crops like tea and rubber, benefiting the mother country economically, is often referred to as "Exploitation Colonialism." This form of colonialism was characterized by the economic exploitation of the colony's resources and labor for the benefit of the colonizing or mother country. Here's a detailed explanation of exploitation colonialism:

• Economic Exploitation: Exploitation colonialism focused primarily on the economic exploitation of the colonized region. Colonizers sought to extract valuable resources from the colony to generate profits and wealth for the mother country. In the context of your question, the extraction and cultivation of cash crops like tea and rubber were central to this economic exploitation.
• Labor Exploitation: The indigenous population was often used as a source of cheap labor to work on plantations and in other agricultural endeavors. They were subjected to harsh working conditions, low wages, and limited rights. The labor force of the indigenous population was crucial for the success of cash crop cultivation, which was primarily for export back to the mother country.
• Cash Crops: Cash crops like tea and rubber were chosen because they had a high market value in the colonizers' home countries. These crops could be grown in the colony's climate and soil conditions and were profitable in international trade. The focus on cash crops often led to monoculture, where large areas were dedicated solely to the cultivation of these crops at the expense of local food production.
• Economic Benefit to the Mother Country: The profits generated from the cultivation and export of cash crops flowed back to the mother country. These profits boosted the economic prosperity of the colonizers and contributed to their industrial and economic development. The mother country gained access to valuable raw materials, such as rubber, and a lucrative export market for the finished products, such as tea.
• Impact on Indigenous Population: The indigenous population often suffered the most from exploitation colonialism. They were subjected to land dispossession, forced labor, and unfavorable working conditions. This exploitation had devastating consequences on the social, cultural, and economic aspects of the indigenous societies, as they were often marginalized and impoverished.

 Additional Information

• In summary, exploitation colonialism was a form of colonial rule where the primary focus was on extracting economic wealth from the colony, often through the cultivation of valuable cash crops using the labor of the indigenous population.
• This exploitation greatly benefited the mother country economically but had detrimental effects on the indigenous populations and their way of life.

The correct answer is 'Otto Kinchneiur'

Key Points

• Catch-All-Party:
  • The term "catch-all-party" refers to political parties that aim to attract a broad spectrum of voters, rather than focusing on a specific class or interest group.
  • Otto Kinchneiur is credited with coining the term "catch-all-party" in the mid-20th century to describe the shift in strategy of many political parties to appeal to a wider electorate.
  • This concept highlights the adaptation of political parties to changing societal structures and the need to garner widespread support to achieve electoral success.

Additional Information

• C. Wright Mills:
  • C. Wright Mills was an American sociologist known for his works on the structure of power in the U.S., particularly his book "The Power Elite."
  • He did not coin the term "catch-all-party," but his contributions to sociology include the study of social structures and power dynamics.
• William Gladstone:
  • William Gladstone was a British statesman and four-time Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in the 19th century.
  • He is known for his liberal policies and reforms but did not coin the term "catch-all-party."
• Bertrand Russell:
  • Bertrand Russell was a British philosopher, logician, and social critic, renowned for his work in analytical philosophy and logic.
  • He did not coin the term "catch-all-party," but his contributions to philosophy and social theory are significant.

The correct answer is 'G.A. Almond'

Key Points

• G.A. Almond:
  • Gabriel A. Almond was a prominent political scientist known for his work on the sociological approach to politics.
  • He developed the concept of political culture, which examines the attitudes, values, and beliefs that shape political behavior in different societies.
  • Almond's work often focused on how social structures and cultural norms influence political systems and processes.
  • His seminal work, "The Civic Culture," co-authored with Sidney Verba, is a key text in understanding the sociological dimensions of political science.

Additional Information

• Samuel Lubell:
  • Lubell was known for his work on American electoral politics and public opinion but did not emphasize a sociological approach to politics.
• Harold Gossnell:
  • Gossnell was a political scientist and pioneer in the field of political behavior and public opinion but focused more on empirical and statistical methods rather than a sociological perspective.
• Paul Larsfield:
  • Paul F. Lazarsfeld was a sociologist and pioneer in communication studies and market research. His work impacted political communication studies but was not focused on the sociological approach to politics.
• Importance of Sociological Approach in Political Science:
  • The sociological approach helps understand how social structures, institutions, and cultural norms influence political behavior and institutions.
  • It provides insights into the role of socialization, collective identity, and group dynamics in shaping political outcomes.

The correct answer is '(A), (B), (C) Only'.

Key Points

• China is a Communist country, therefore it has single party system:
  • China is governed by the Communist Party of China (CPC), which is the only legal party in the country.
  • The single-party system means that no other political parties are allowed to govern or compete for power.
• India enjoys multi party system:
  • India has a multi-party system, which means multiple political parties compete in elections and can hold power at different levels of government.
  • This system allows for a diverse representation of interests and ideologies within the political framework of the country.
• Britain has two party system:
  • The United Kingdom primarily features a two-party system, dominated by the Conservative Party and the Labour Party.
  • While other parties exist, these two have historically been the major players in British politics.

Additional Information

• Japan enjoys two party system:
  • This statement is incorrect. Japan has a multi-party system, with the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) being one of the dominant parties, but other parties also play significant roles.
• South Africa has single party system:
  • This statement is incorrect. South Africa has a multi-party system, with the African National Congress (ANC) being the dominant party, but other parties such as the Democratic Alliance (DA) and the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) also participate in the political process.

The correct answer is 'Robert Michels'

Key Points

• Iron Law of Oligarchy:
  • Robert Michels, a German sociologist, formulated the Iron Law of Oligarchy in his 1911 book "Political Parties."
  • The Iron Law of Oligarchy posits that all forms of organization, regardless of how democratic or autocratic they are at the start, will eventually and inevitably develop oligarchic tendencies.
  • This theory suggests that true democracy is practically and theoretically impossible, especially in large and complex organizations.
  • Michels argued that the internal dynamics of organizations lead to the concentration of power in the hands of a few leaders or elites, making the rank-and-file members less influential over time.

Additional Information

• Other Options:
  • James Burnham:
    • James Burnham was an American philosopher and political theorist known for his work on managerial revolution and the dynamics of power, but he did not formulate the Iron Law of Oligarchy.
  • Raymond Aron:
    • Raymond Aron was a French philosopher and sociologist, recognized for his works on sociology of knowledge and political theory, but he did not develop the concept of the Iron Law of Oligarchy.
  • Karl Mannheim:
    • Karl Mannheim was a Hungarian sociologist known for his contributions to the sociology of knowledge, but he did not propose the Iron Law of Oligarchy.
• Implications of the Iron Law of Oligarchy:
  • This concept highlights the challenges faced by democratic organizations in maintaining true democratic practices over time.
  • It underscores the tendency for power to become concentrated, even in organizations that start with egalitarian and democratic ideals.
  • Understanding this law is crucial for political scientists and sociologists studying the dynamics of power within organizations.