Movement and Locomotion MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Movement and Locomotion - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The correct answer is Ball and socket joint 

Explanation:-

• The joint between the humerus (upper arm bone) and the pectoral girdle (consisting of the clavicle and scapula) is known as a ball and socket joint.
• In this type of joint, the rounded head of one bone (the humerus, in this case) fits into the cup-shaped socket of another bone (the glenoid cavity of the scapula).
• This structure allows for a wide range of movement in multiple directions, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.

• Ball and socket joints are found in several locations in the body, including the shoulder and the hip. They are characterized by their ability to provide a high degree of mobility, making them well-suited for movements in multiple planes.

Additional Information Hinge joint: A hinge joint allows movement primarily in one plane, like a hinge on a door. It enables flexion and extension movements.
Examples of hinge joints include the elbow joint and the knee joint. 
Pivot joint:A pivot joint allows rotational movement around a central axis. It enables rotation or twisting movements.
An example of a pivot joint is the joint between the atlas (the first cervical vertebra) and the axis (the second cervical vertebra) in the neck. This joint allows the head to rotate from side to side.
Saddle joint:A saddle joint allows movement in two planes, resembling the shape of a rider sitting in a saddle. It enables flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction movements.
An example of a saddle joint is the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. It allows the thumb to move in multiple directions, including opposition (bringing the thumb across the palm to touch the fingertips).

The correct answer is option 2.

Concept: 

• In the human body, there are 12 pairs of ribs.
• In these pairs some are false ribs, some are floating and the major pairs of ribs are the true ribs they are attached at both ends.
• The ribs are enclosed by the rib cage.
• Its main function is to provide protection to the organs(the heart and lungs) in the thoracic cavity, also support the upper extremities, and assist in the process of respiration.

Explanation:

• In humans, there are 12 pairs of ribs, out of which the first 7 pairs are true ribs, the 8th, 9th and 10th are false ribs, and the 11th and 12th pairs are floating ribs.
• The true ribs are attached dorsally to the vertebral column and ventrally to the sternum.
• False ribs do not articulate directly with the sternum and are attached to the 7th ribs by hyaline cartilage.
• Floating ribs are not connected ventrally.
• 
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

Explanation :

(1) Ball and Socket Joint-

• Movement is allowed in all the planes
• Also known as a spheroidal joint.
•  A  joint in which the rounded surface of a bone moves within a depression on another bone allows a more noteworthy opportunity for movement than some other sort of joint.
• This allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation.
• Shoulder and Hip joints are examples of this type of joint.

(2) Pivotal Joint-

• They are freely movable joints that only allow rotation on a single axis.
• They are also known as rotary or trochoid joints.
• It is a type of synovial joint in which the ends of two bones are connected together.
• There are only three pivot joints present in the human body, they are present in the neck, wrist, and elbow. 
• The rotation of the skull is conceivable in light of pivot joints. The bending development of the bones of the lower arm, against the upper arm, is because of pivot joints.
• Without pivot joints, the skeleton of the human body would lack flexibility and movement freedom, making the development of the skeleton very stiff and rigid.

(3) Hinge Joint-

• A hinge joint is a sort of joint that can only be bent in the plane of motion.
• It is a kind of synovial joint that exists in the body and permits movement principally in one place.
• The hinge joint is comprised of at least two bones with articular surfaces that are covered by hyaline ligament and lubricated up by synovial fluid.
• It allows movement in open and close directions.
• Finger joints, the elbow, and knees are examples of this kind of joint.

(4) Fixed Joint-

• The joints in which bones cannot move are called fixed joints.
• They are fibrous joints and are connected through fibrous tissue.
• It provides support and strength to protect delicate organs.
• They permit stability.
• Another name for these joints is synarthrosis.
• For example- teeth in a socket of the jaw, and skull bones.

So from the above explanation, the correct answer is an option (3).

Additional Information

Types of joint- 

•  Fibrous or fixed joints-

           ​This is an Immovable joint that is held together by tough tissue. Example- Cranium.

• Cartilaginous or slightly moveable joints- 

            ​In this little movement is needed, for example- in the vertebral column.

• Synovial or freely moveable joints-
  • These joints allow movement to take place.
  • They are further divided into different types- 
    • Ball and Socket Joint,
    • Hinge Joint, Pivot Joint,
    • Gliding Joint,
    • Saddle Joint,
    • Condyloid Joint.

The correct answer is Both 1 & 2

Concept:

• Fibrous joints do not allow any movement. This type of joint is shown by the flat skull bones which fuse end-to-end with the help of dense fibrous connective tissues in the form of sutures, to form the cranium.
• In cartilaginous joints, the bones involved are joined together with the help of cartilages. The joint between the adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column is of this pattern and it permits limited movements.
• Synovial joints are characterised by the presence of a fluid filled synovial cavity between the articulating surfaces of the two bones. Such an arrangement allows considerable movement. These joints help in locomotion and many other movements. Examples:-
  • Ball and socket joint (between humerus and pectoral girdle),
  • Hinge joint (knee joint),
  • Pivot joint (between atlas and axis),
  • Gliding joint (between the carpals)
  • Saddle joint (between carpal and metacarpal of thumb).

Explanation:

• Ball and Socket Joint: This type of synovial joint allows for rotational movement in almost any direction. Examples include the shoulder and hip joints. 
• Hinge Joint: These joints allow for movement in one plane, much like the hinge of a door. Examples include the elbow and knee joints. They permit flexion and extension movements, making them crucial for activities such as walking and lifting objects.

Other options:

• Fibrous Joint: These joints are connected by dense connective tissue and have no joint cavity. They are typically immovable or only slightly movable. Examples include sutures in the skull.

The correct answer is Actin filaments

Explanation:

• Muscle contraction is regulated by the presence of calcium ions and the proteins troponin and tropomyosin.
• In a resting state, troponin and tropomyosin work together to block the active binding sites on actin filaments, preventing muscle contraction.
• When calcium ions bind to troponin, it causes a conformational change that moves tropomyosin away from the binding sites on actin filaments, allowing myosin heads to bind to actin and initiate muscle contraction.
  • Actin filaments: In the resting state, the troponin-tropomyosin complex covers the active binding sites on actin filaments, preventing myosin from attaching to actin and thus preventing muscle contraction.
  • Meromyosin filament: This is not involved in the regulation of muscle contraction by troponin. Meromyosin is part of the myosin molecule, which interacts with actin but is not regulated by troponin.
  • M-line: The M-line is a structural component within the sarcomere that holds the myosin filaments in place. It does not play a role in the blocking of active sites on actin by troponin.
  • H-zone: The H-zone is the region within the sarcomere where only myosin filaments are present. It does not involve the interaction with actin filaments or the regulation by troponin.

The correct answer is Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Explanation:

• Gout: Gout is a type of arthritis that is characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, redness, and tenderness in joints. It often occurs in the joint at the base of the big toe.
• Uric Acid Crystals: The inflammation in gout is caused by the deposition of uric acid crystals in the joints, which leads to intense pain and swelling.
• The assertion correctly states that gout is an inflammation of the joints. The reason provides the underlying cause of this inflammation, which is the accumulation of uric acid crystals.
• Hence, both the assertion and the reason are correct, and the reason correctly explains the assertion.

The correct answer is Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect

Concept:

• Glenoid cavity: The glenoid cavity is a depression in the scapula (shoulder bone) which articulates with the head of the humerus (upper arm bone) to form the shoulder joint.
• Femur: The head of the femur (thigh bone) articulates with the acetabulum, which is a depression in the pelvis, forming the hip joint.
• Parietal and Temporal Bones: The parietal bone and temporal bone of the skull are joined by a type of fibrous joint known as a suture. Sutures are immovable joints that are made of dense connective tissue, not cartilaginous joints.

Explanation:

• Statement I: This statement is incorrect because the glenoid cavity does not articulate with the head of the femur. Instead, the glenoid cavity articulates with the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint.
• Statement II: This statement is incorrect because the parietal bone and the temporal bone of the skull are joined by a fibrous joint (suture) rather than a cartilaginous joint. Sutures are specific types of immovable joints found in the skull.

The correct answer is A–'H' Zone, C–'A' Band

Explanation:

• A sarcomere is the basic unit of striated muscle tissue, and it is the segment between two neighboring Z-lines (or Z-discs).
• The sarcomere is composed of thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments. These filaments create different bands and zones within the sarcomere.
• The key regions within a sarcomere include the A band, I band, H zone, M line, and Z line.
• In a relaxed sarcomere, these regions are clearly defined and can be identified based on the arrangement and overlap of actin and myosin filaments.
• A–'H' Zone: The H zone is the central part of the A band where there is no overlap between the thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments. It appears lighter than the A band but darker than the I band.
• C–'A' Band: The A band is the dark band of the sarcomere that extends the full length of the thick filaments. It includes regions of overlapping actin and myosin filaments.

Concept:

• Thick filaments are an essential component of muscle fibers, primarily involved in muscle contraction.
• These thick filaments are composed of myosin, a motor protein that interacts with actin filaments to produce force.
• Myosin molecules consist of two heavy chains and four light chains, forming a structure with a long tail and two globular heads.

Explanation:

• Thick filament is formed by a polymerized protein: This statement is correct. The thick filament is formed by the polymerization of myosin molecules.
• The head with short arm of meromyosin is formed by HMM: This statement is also correct. The head and the short arm (or neck) region of the myosin molecule form the heavy meromyosin (HMM) fragment.
• Each thick filament is formed by myosin protein: This statement is correct. Thick filaments are primarily composed of myosin protein.
• The tail of meromyosin is formed by HMM: This is incorrect. The tail of the myosin molecule forms the light meromyosin (LMM) fragment, not the HMM.

The correct answer is a and c is correct

Explanation:

• Myofibrils are the basic rod-like units of muscle cells which are essential for muscle contraction.
• They consist of repeating sections called sarcomeres, which appear as alternating dark and light bands under a microscope.
• The light and dark bands are a result of the arrangement of actin and myosin filaments within the sarcomeres.
  • Light band called 'I' band: The 'I' band, or isotropic band, is the light band of the myofibril. It appears lighter because it contains only thin filaments (actin) and no thick filaments (myosin).
  • Light band is isotropic with polarized light: The 'I' band is isotropic, meaning it appears the same in all directions when viewed under polarized light. This is due to its uniform structure.
• Light band called 'A' band: This is incorrect. The 'A' band, or anisotropic band, is the dark band of the myofibril, which contains the entire length of the thick filaments and some overlapping thin filaments.
• Light band is anisotropic with polarized light: This is incorrect. The 'A' band is anisotropic, meaning its appearance changes when viewed from different angles under polarized light due to its complex structure.