Give a single word that substitutes for the following expression.

State in which the few govern the many

The correct answer is: Option 2 (Oligarchy).

Key Points

• The word "Oligarchy" means a form of government in which power is held by a small group of people, usually distinguished by wealth, family ties, corporate interests, or military control. (अल्पतंत्र)
  • Example: In an oligarchy, a few wealthy families or individuals control the majority of the country's political and economic power.
• Explanation: In this context, "state in which the few govern the many" perfectly describes an oligarchy, where a small group exercises control over a larger population. (अल्पतंत्र)
  • Example: Historical examples of oligarchies include ancient Sparta, where a small council of elites held governing authority.

Therefore, the correct answer is: Option 2 (Oligarchy).

Additional Information

Here are the other options explained along with their Hindi meanings and example sentences:

• Monarchy (राजतंत्र): A form of government in which a single person, usually a king or queen, rules the state.
  • Example: The United Kingdom has a constitutional monarchy where the monarch serves as a ceremonial figurehead.
• Democracy (लोकतंत्र): A system of government in which power is vested in the people, who rule either directly or through elected representatives.
  • Example: India is the largest democracy in the world, where citizens vote to elect their leaders.
• Plutocracy (धनतंत्र): A society or system ruled or controlled by the wealthiest members.
  • Example: Some critics argue that modern capitalist societies lean toward plutocracy, where wealth dictates power.