How does a capacitor improve the efficiency of the ignition system in an internal combustion engine?  

Explanation:

Capacitor in the Ignition System of an Internal Combustion Engine

• A capacitor, also known as a condenser, is a key component in the ignition system of an internal combustion engine. It temporarily stores electrical energy and releases it when needed to ensure efficient ignition of the air-fuel mixture in the engine's combustion chamber.

Working Principle:

• In an ignition system, the capacitor is connected across the contact breaker points. When the contact points open, the capacitor absorbs the surge of voltage that would otherwise cause arcing across the points.
• This absorption helps in the rapid collapse of the magnetic field in the ignition coil, which is essential for generating a high voltage in the secondary winding of the coil. This high voltage is then used to create a spark at the spark plug, igniting the air-fuel mixture.

Advantages:

• Prevents arcing at the contact breaker points, thereby reducing wear and prolonging the lifespan of the points.
• Ensures a rapid collapse of the magnetic field in the ignition coil, leading to a strong and timely spark at the spark plug.
• Improves the overall efficiency and reliability of the ignition system.

Disadvantages:

• A faulty capacitor can lead to weak or no spark, causing engine misfires or failure to start.
• Capacitors have a finite lifespan and may need periodic replacement.

Applications: Capacitors are used in various types of ignition systems in internal combustion engines, including those in automobiles, motorcycles, and small engines used in lawnmowers and generators.