Under ______ (Governor General from 1813 to 1823) a new policy of “paramountcy” was initiated. Now the Company claimed that its authority was paramount or supreme, hence its power was greater than that of Indian states.

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SSC CHSL Tier-I Exam 2022 Official Paper (Held On: 17 March, 2023 Shift 2)
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  1. Lord Amherst
  2. Lord Cornwallis
  3. Lord Hastings
  4. Lord Auckland

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Lord Hastings
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Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is Lord Hastings.

Key Points

  • Lord Hastings served as the Governor-General of India from 1813 to 1823.
  • During his tenure, Lord Hastings initiated a policy of "paramountcy" in British India.
  • The policy of paramountcy declared that the authority of the British East India Company was supreme and superior to that of Indian princely states.
  • Under the doctrine of paramountcy, the Company claimed the power to intervene in the affairs of Indian states and asserted its dominance over them.

Additional Information

  • Lord Amherst:
    • Lord Amherst served as the Governor-General of India from 1823 to 1828.
    • He oversaw the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824-1826), which resulted in the British acquisition of territories in Northeast India.
    • Lord Amherst implemented various administrative and judicial reforms during his tenure.
    • He faced criticism for his handling of the war and was recalled to England in 1828.
  • Lord Cornwallis:
    • Lord Cornwallis served as the Governor-General of India from 1786 to 1793.
    • He is best known for his administrative reforms, including the introduction of the Permanent Settlement of Bengal in 1793.
    • Lord Cornwallis played a significant role in shaping the administrative and legal structures of British India.
    • He also led the British forces during the Third Anglo-Mysore War, culminating in the defeat of Tipu Sultan in 1792.
  • Lord Auckland:
    • Lord Auckland served as the Governor-General of India from 1836 to 1842.
    • He pursued an expansionist policy in Afghanistan and became involved in the First Anglo-Afghan War (1839-1842).
    • The war proved to be a military and political disaster for the British, and they faced significant setbacks and losses.
    • Lord Auckland was criticized for his decisions and handling of the conflict, and he was replaced as Governor-General in 1842.
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