Which structural component of a bridge directly supports the superstructure and transfers the load to the foundation? 

Explanation:

In bridge construction, piers are the vertical supports that transfer the load from the superstructure (the bridge deck and other components above) to the foundation. They provide the necessary stability and support for the spans of the bridge.

1. Piers are located at regular intervals along the bridge and carry the weight of the bridge deck, vehicles, and any other loads acting on the bridge.

2. They help distribute the loads to the foundation, which is typically below the ground level.

 Additional Information

1. Deck: The deck is the roadway or surface of the bridge where vehicles or pedestrians travel. It does not transfer the load to the foundation; it is supported by the piers.

2. Expansion Joints: These are used to accommodate the thermal expansion and contraction of the bridge, but they don't support the superstructure or transfer the load to the foundation.

3. Bearings: While bearings provide support and allow for movement of the superstructure, they don't directly transfer the load to the foundation in the same way that piers do.