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Home / IAS Preparation / Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific - Structure and Functions of ESCAP

Last Updated on Jan 18, 2024
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The Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific (ESCAP) is a regional organization. The United Nations established it. It helps countries in the Asia-Pacific region with their economic and social development. It brings countries together to share knowledge and work on important development issues. 

The headquarters of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific (ESCAP) is in Bangkok, Thailand. ESCAP plays a key role in addressing regional challenges and promoting cooperation. It supports member countries in achieving the sustainable development goals.

The Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific (ESCAP) is a part of the International Relations subject in the Mains General Studies Paper-III syllabus. It is also a part of the General Studies Paper-1 of the UPSC Prelims Syllabus.

In this article, we shall study the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific (ESCAP) in detail, as required for the UPSC exam. The UPSC aspirants can take the help of Testbook's UPSC CSE Coaching. You can also study other important topics related to UPSC IAS Exams with Testbook!

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About ESCAP

The Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) is the administrative body of the United Nations. It is responsible for the Asian and Pacific region. UNESCAP primarily focuses on fostering economic and social development. It promotes regional and subregional cooperation and integration.

ESCAP works to promote inclusive and sustainable development in the Asia-Pacific region. It does this by providing technical support, capacity building, and policy advice to member states. ESCAP also conducts research and analysis on a wide range of issues. This includes economic growth, poverty reduction, climate change, and disaster risk reduction.

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Major Findings of ESCAP

ESCAP conducts research to provide useful information about regional development. Some key findings include the following:

  • ESCAP has found that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant socio-economic impact on the Asia-Pacific region. This has affected trade, jobs, and poverty reduction efforts.
  • ESCAP has observed that inequality and vulnerability are increasing in the region. This is especially among marginalized groups and areas with limited access to basic services.
  • Climate change is already having a significant impact on the region. It is experiencing extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and changes in agricultural yields.
  • Air pollution is a major health hazard in the region, causing millions of deaths each year.
  • Water scarcity is a growing problem in the region. Over one billion people will face water scarcity by 2025.
  • These challenges are having a negative impact on economic growth and social development. The region's GDP growth rate is projected to be lower than the global average in the coming years.

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Functions of ESCAP

ESCAP has a number of functions, including the following:

Providing policy advice and technical assistance to member states

ESCAP works with member states to develop policies that promote sustainable development. It also provides technical support to help member states build their capacity to implement these policies.

Promoting regional cooperation

ESCAP works to promote regional cooperation on a wide range of issues. This includes trade, investment, environment, and social development. It does this by organizing conferences and workshops. It also provides technical support and publishes reports and other publications.

Monitoring and reporting on development trends 

ESCAP monitors and analyzes development trends in the Asia-Pacific region. It publishes reports on a wide range of topics. This includes economic growth, poverty, inequality, and the environment.

Advocating for the interests of the region

ESCAP advocates for the interests of the Asia-Pacific region at the global level. It does this by: 

  • representing the region at UN meetings and conferences,
  • publishing reports and other publications, and 
  • providing technical support to member states.

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Structure of ESCAP
  • ESCAP's governing body is the Commission. It is made up of representatives from all member states. 
    • The Commission meets once a year to discuss and adopt policies and programs. 
  • The Executive Secretary is the head of the ESCAP's secretariat. The Secretary-General of the United Nations appoints him. 
    • The secretariat provides administrative support and technical expertise to assist ESCAP's work.

About K-Shaped Recovery

The K-shaped recovery is a term used to describe uneven economic recovery. The concept of a K-shaped recovery refers to an uneven economic recovery after a crisis. This indicates the recovery that has occurred in the Asia-Pacific region since the COVID-19 pandemic. Some countries, such as China and India, have seen strong economic growth. Others, such as Indonesia and Thailand, have seen slower growth. 

The K-shaped recovery is a result of many factors. Some of them include the following:

  • the different levels of economic development in the region, 
  • the different levels of exposure to the pandemic, and 
  • the different policy responses to the pandemic.

Click on this link to download the notes on the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SAARC for UPSC!

Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific

The Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific is an annual publication by ESCAP. It provides detailed analysis and recommendations on important development issues in the region. The survey covers various topics including the following:

  • economic growth, 
  • poverty reduction, 
  • social development, and 
  • environmental sustainability.

It has been published annually since 1947. The 2023 edition of the Survey is titled "Rethinking Public Debt for the Sustainable Development Goals." 

The Survey highlights the following key findings:

  • Public debt in Asia and the Pacific has increased significantly in recent years. This has reached an average of 60% of GDP in 2022.
  • The increase in public debt has been driven by many factors. This includes the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and the aging population.
  • High levels of public debt pose a threat to the region's ability to achieve the SDGs.
  • Debt sustainability must be a central part of public debt management strategies in the region.
  • Inclusive growth is essential for reducing poverty and inequality. It is also crucial for ensuring that the benefits of economic growth are shared by all.

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Conclusion

The Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific (ESCAP) plays a vital role. It promotes inclusive and sustainable development in the Asia-Pacific region. ESCAP addresses key challenges, such as poverty, inequality, and environmental sustainability. ESCAP fosters cooperation among member countries and facilitates dialogue. It strives to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals and improve the well-being of the region. It is committed to equitable growth, social progress, and environmental resilience. It serves as a critical platform for collective action in shaping a better future for Asia and the Pacific.

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Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific (ESCAP) FAQs

The current name of ESCAP is the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.

ESCAP has 53 member countries from the Asia-Pacific region.

ESCAP was established on March 28, 1947.

ESCAP's headquarters is in Bangkok, Thailand.

ESCAP's member countries include: China, India, Japan, Australia, Indonesia, and many others from the Asia-Pacific region

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