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Home / IAS Preparation / India Climate Vegetation Wildlife

India Climate Vegetation Wildlife; Know about the Climate, Natural Vegetation & Wildlife of India!

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India's landmass is situated in a sub-tropical area with a sub-tropical climate, which makes up India's Climate Vegetation and Wildlife subtropical in nature. Location, altitude, distance from the sea, and topographic features all have an impact on a region's climate, Vegetation and wildlife. India's Vegetation is classified into tropical evergreen rainforests, tropical deciduous rainforests, mountain vegetation, thorny shrubs, and mangrove forests, and the country is also home to a variety of wildlife species.

This topic of the Indian Climate Vegetation and Wildlife is important from the perspective of the UPSC IAS Examination, which falls under General Studies Paper 1 (Mains) and General Studies Paper 1 (Prelims) and particularly in the Geography section. In this article, we shall study in detail India's climate, Vegetation, wildlife and their interdependence, & More! Register for UPSC Online Classes at an affordable price through the UPSC CSE Coaching platform to boost your IAS preparation.

Climate of India
  • Any region's climate can be determined by measuring the average weather over a long period of time. The local changes and variations in the state of the atmosphere over a certain region are, therefore, what the weather is across a large area. 
  • The weather in a certain area over an extended period of time makes up the climate generally. As a result, there cannot be distinct types of climate in one location but diverse climates across enormous geographic distances. 
  • India's weather is referred to as having a monsoon-type climate. The term "mausim," which has Arabic roots, is the source of the word "monsoon." This is true because monsoon winds largely regulate the weather.
  • Additionally, India has two distinct types of monsoons, the southwest monsoon and the northeast monsoon, often known as the receding monsoon that occurs from May to December. As a result, India has a monsoon-dominated climate. 
  • Agriculture, which accounts for the majority of jobs in India's economy and is heavily reliant on the monsoon environment, is another effect of the monsoon season. There are, therefore, several vegetation varieties in India, not various climate types. 
  • In India, the monsoon climate is the only form of climate; there are no other sorts. India's Vegetation is impacted by the four seasons as well: Winter, the warmest season, is followed by Summer, the wettest season, the South West Monsoon, and Autumn, the season of retreating monsoons.

Also, read about the Koppen Climate Classification (UPSC Geography Notes) here!

Cold Season

  • The nights are longer, and the days are shorter in India during the winter season (December to February).In the Northwest, the temperature is typically between 10 and 15 degrees Celsius. Southeast India generally experiences temperatures that range from 20 to 25 degrees Celsius as they get closer to the equator. 
  • The Southern Hemisphere was directly exposed to the sun's rays. The coldest temperatures are recorded in the steep northern regions like Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. 

Summer Season

  • April is the hottest month in western and southern regions. May is the hottest month for northern regions.
  •  Most portions of the interior have an average temperature of 32 to 40 degrees Celsius; in some regions, like Rajasthan, the temperature even reaches 45 °C. From March to May, Nights are shorter than days.

Monsoon Season

  • The rainy season, or Southwest monsoon season, lasts from June to September. It rains during this time of year when the humid southwest monsoon spreads across the country.
  • Indian summer's scorching heat is followed by the monsoon. 
  • In the Rainfall, moist air flows in from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal in the southwest. When compared to the Thar Desert in Rajasthan, Gujarat, and some other northern Indian locations, the Western Ghats, Himachal Pradesh, and other northeastern regions of India receive high rainfall (100-200 cm). 
  • The monsoon is extremely important to India's agricultural industry.

Also, read about the Critical Analysis of Monsoon in India for UPSC here!

Autumn Season

  • Autumn, or the retreating monsoon season, occurs in the months of October and November. The months of October and November are typically cloudless in northwest India.
  • In India, the autumn season (October and November) comes after the monsoons but before the winter months. The Bay of Bengal receives a wind shift during this time from the central region. The trees lose their leaves during this time. 
  • The southernmost regions of India, especially Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, see the highest precipitation during this time of year.
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Natural Vegetation in India

India has an extremely diversified plant life that constitutes its Vegetation. In India, there are plants for every season as well as plants that are peculiar to a certain season. There are many different kinds of plants, including small plants called bushes, shrubs like cactus, and numerous varieties of flowering plants. There are also tall trees that demonstrate diversity, such as neem and mango trees with numerous branches and leaves, as well as species like palm trees with few leaves. India Climate Natural Vegetation and Wildlife is significantly impacted by the Indian climate. There are five different types of Vegetation in India.

Also read about Natural Vegetation In India - Types, Features and Distribution here!

Tropical Rain forests

  • Tropical Rain forests, also known as evergreen forests, receive a lot of precipitation, due to which they appear green throughout the year. There are so many trees in certain areas that sunlight cannot penetrate them. 
  • The equator is typically the location of tropical rainforests. A continuous canopy of towering broad-leaved evergreen trees can be found in tropical rainforests, which get about 100 inches (254 cm) of rain per year.
  • Rainforests prevent climate change by containing around 25% of all terrestrial carbon. 
  • Toxic quantities of carbon are drawn into the tropics by the massive accumulation of trees, which store the carbon in their limbs, trunks, leaves, and roots. 
  • Tropical forests emit a significant amount of moisture into the air each day because they are damp and receive a lot of rainfall.

Tropical Deciduous Forests

  • Most of the Vegetation of India is covered by Tropical deciduous forests. These forests are located in areas with annual rainfall ranging from 200 cm to 70 cm. Before winter, the tropical deciduous forests lose their leaves for roughly 1.5 to 2 months. 
  • Some evergreen trees keep their leaves all year round. Many types of trees can be found in deciduous forests.
  • Deciduous woods contain the following types of trees: The majority of tropical deciduous forests have edible fruit-bearing trees such as apples, oranges, bananas, and pears, as well as non-fruit-bearing trees like birch, maple, eke, elm, and beech.

Thorny Bushes

  • A thorn forest is distinguished by a thick, scrubby landscape with warm temperate, and dry subtropical plants. The local seasonal rainfall ranges between 250 and 500 mm. 
  • This thorn forest covers the majority of southwestern North America and southwestern Africa, as well as lesser patches of Africa, South America, and Australia.
  • 7,12,249 square kilometers of India's landmass are covered in forest, of which 16,491 square kilometers are made up of tropical thorn forests. In India, regions of southwest Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh are home to tropical thorn woods. 
  • Some of the major tree species of the tropical thorn forests are the ber tree, wild date palm, khejri tree, palas tree, Babool tree, Khair tree, neem, etc.

Mountain Vegetation

  • Mountain forests are frequently depicted as being on ground that is steeply sloping and at an elevation of 2,500 meters above sea level or more or as being on land that is steeply sloping and at an elevation of 300 to 2,500 meters.
  • As the temperature steadily drops with elevation, the variety of mountain heights leads to the diversity of a wide range of species. Sometimes they are referred to as Coniferous trees. Pine, Deodar, and Chir are a few examples.

Mangroves Forests

  • Mangrove forests, which can withstand salt water, are mostly found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Sunderbans in West Bengal.

Also, read about Mangroves in India here!

Uses of Forests
  • Forests produce oxygen from their plants, which is necessary for human life.
  • The pollution is caused by the carbon dioxide they consume.
  • In order to prevent soil erosion, plants attach dirt to their roots.
  • They offer wood for making furniture, fuel, food, medicinal plants, honey, gum, etc.
  • They serve as the wildlife's natural habitat.

Also, read about the National Forest Policy of 1988 - Objectives & History in Detail here!

Wildlife of India
  • India is a South Asian country with a diverse natural and cultural heritage. The Mountains in the north, spice plantations, and biodiverse-rich tropical jungles in the south make up this seventh-largest country in the world, which covers roughly 3.25 million square kilometers. 
  • It is home to well-known but critically endangered animals, including the Asian elephant, tiger, and leopard. 
  • India's national animal, the tiger, may be found throughout the nation. For their protection, a number of national parks, sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves have been established.
  • The government has also launched a number of programs like Tiger Conservation (Project Tiger) and Project Elephant programs to safeguard these creatures. Several Asiatic lions reside in the Gir forest in Gujarat, and India's tigers are found in Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand. Many Asiatic lions reside in the Gir National Park in Gujarat, and India rhinoceroses can be found in Kaziranga National Park in Assam. Assam, Kerala, and Karnataka are also home to a sizable population of elephants. 
  • The Great Indian Desert (also called the Thar Desert) and the Rann of Kachchh (a seasonal salt marsh), respectively, are home to camels and wild asses. 
  • The Himalayan region is home to wild goats, snow leopards, bears, and other animals. Numerous more animals, including monkeys, wolves, jackals, nilgai, and cheetahs, can also be found in our nation. India has a diverse range of birds. Our nation's official bird is the peacock. Parrots, pigeons, mynah, geese, bulbul, and ducks are a few of the common birds seen in India. There are many hundreds of different species of snakes. Among them, cobras and kraits are significant.

Also, read about the difference between a national park and wildlife sanctuaries and a biosphere reserve here!

Conclusion

India's diverse geography, including mountains, deserts, and coastlines, results in a wide range of climates, Vegetation, and wildlife. The country has a variety of climatic areas, ranging from the tropical climate of the southern peninsular region to the alpine climate of the Himalayan region in the north, and both the Himalayas and the Thar Desert have a significant impact on India's climate. India has a diverse range of natural Vegetation that may be classified into five groups based on climatic conditions: tropical evergreen forest, tropical deciduous forest, mountain vegetation, mangrove forests, and thorny bushes. Similarly, the Wildlife in India is also very diverse. India has four major biodiversity hotspots, making it a hub of diverse wildlife.

UPSC Previous Year Questions
  1. What characteristics can be assigned to the monsoon climate that succeeds in feeding more than 50 percent of the world population residing in Monsoon Asia? (UPSC Mains 2017, GS Paper 1).
  2. How far do you agree that the behavior of the Indian monsoon has been changing due to humanizing landscapes? Discuss. (UPSC Mains 2015, GS Paper 1).

Check out the test series for UPSC IAS Exam here. 

We hope all your doubts regarding India's Climate Vegetation and Wildlife are addressed after going through this article. Testbook provides comprehensive notes for different competitive examinations. It has always assured the quality of its product, like content pages, live tests, GK and current affairs, mocks, and so on. Ace your preparation with the Testbook App! 

More Articles for IAS Preparation

Indian Climate Vegetation and Wildlife FAQs

India has a large variety of natural plants because of its diverse weather conditions. India's Vegetation can be categorized into five types: Thorny bushes, mountain vegetation, tropical evergreen, tropical deciduous, and mangrove forests.

India has four major climate types: cold weather season, hot weather season, monsoon season, and retreating monsoon season.

The diverse climatic zones in India, ranging from tropical to alpine, create different conditions for different species of wildlife. For example, the tropical rainforests in the Western Ghats, Assam, regions are home to a wide variety of species such as one-horned rhino, elephants, apes, etc., while the cold and arid conditions of the Himalayas support the endangered snow leopard, the Himalayan musk deer, etc.

Shishira (winter), Vasanta (spring), Grishma (summer), Varsha (monsoon), Sharad (autumn), and Hemanta (pre-winter) are the six Indian climates known as Ritu's.

India can be classified into five climatic zones: tropical with significant rainfall, subtropical, humid, tropical savanna, mountain, and desert zones. Each zone has its own distinct weather patterns and characteristics.

The seven major climate types are tropical, arid/semi-arid, Mediterranean, temperate, continental, subarctic, and polar, and are determined by factors such as temperature, precipitation, latitude, altitude, relief, etc.
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