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Klebsiella Pneumoniae - Know about Symptoms, Types, Treatment & More!

Last Updated on Oct 29, 2022
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Klebsiella Pneumonia is a rare and serious bacterial infection. Klebsiella Pneumoniae is a specific type of gram-negative, encapsulated, non-motile, rod-shaped & lactose-fermenting bacterium that is commonly found in the environment. It was described first time by Carl Friedlander in 1882.

The topics related to the theme of human health and recent diseases outbreak which is often seen in the news like Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Anaemia, etc. are significant for the UPSC Civil services exam under the syllabus of General Studies (GS – 2 & GS -3) paper. Time and again, direct factual and analytical approach-based questions have been asked about these topics. This article on Klebsiella Pneumoniae will help you to prepare for the Prelims and the Mains stage of the UPSC IAS/IPS exam.

This article discusses in a detailed way about the symptoms, causes, types, and prevention of Klebsiella Pneumoniae. We will also learn about the difference between Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Anoxia. To learn about more such topics in an interactive manner under the guidance of an expert mentor and to take your preparation to a more robust level check out the UPSC CSE Online Coaching.

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What is Klebsiella Pneumoniae?
  • Klebsiella Pneumonia is a bacteria that belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family and it causes infection in the human body.
  • In 1882, Carl Friedlander described Klebsiella pneumonia for the first time.
  • According to Carl Friedlander, It is a gram-negative, encapsulated, non-motile bacterium in the environment. It has been associated primarily with pneumonia in groups of patients with high alcohol intake or diabetes mellitus.
  • It is also sometimes referred to as “Friedlander’s pneumonia”.
  • This type of pneumonia is considered the most common cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia in Western Countries like the United States.
  • The Mortality of this infection ranges from 50% to 100%, especially in patients with alcoholism and septicemia.
  • The Bacteria of Klebsiella Pneumoniae account for 3% to 8% of all nosocomial bacterial infections.
  • Nosocomial bacteria infections are infections that are acquired during the process of receiving treatment and this infection was not present during the time of admission to the Hospital. Hence, it is also known as Healthcare-associated infections (HAI).

Fig.1 – Klebsiella Pneumoniae

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Types Of Klebsiella Pneumoniae

There are two types of Pneumonia that are caused by the bacteria Klebsiella Pneumoniae. The two types of Klebsiella Pneumoniae are given below –

  1. Community-acquired Klebsiella Pneumoniae
  2. Hospital-acquired Klebsiella Pneumoniae

क्लेबसिएला निमोनिया – यूपीएससी के लिए इसके लक्षण, प्रकार, उपचार और तथ्यों के बारे में जानें!

Difference Between Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Anoxia

The difference between Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Anoxia are listed in the table given below:

Difference Between Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Anoxia
Anoxia Klebsiella Pneumoniae
It is a condition that occurs when there is a decreased oxygen supply to the various regions of the human brain i.e when the human body or human brain completely loses its regular oxygen supply. Klebsiella Pneumonia is a type of bacteria that belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family and it causes severe infection in the human body among middle-aged and older men.
It is also known as Anoxic encephalopathy. It is also known as Friedlander’s pneumonia.
It occurs due to heart problems like cardiac arrest, carbon monoxide poisoning, drug overdose, significant blood loss, asthma or pneumonia, etc. The infection of Klebsiella Pneumoniae occurs due to human stool and nasopharynx. The other source of infection is the gastrointestinal tract(GIT) and the hands of hospital staff.
There are different types of Anoxia which include Toxic anoxia, Stagnant anoxia, and Anoxic anoxia. There are three different types of Klebsiella Pneumoniae which include Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca,

and Klebsiella granulomatis.

It is diagnosed by medical practitioners through performing certain tests like MRI Scans, CT Scans, EEG, Blood tests, etc. It is diagnosed by a lab test by examining the sample of the infected tissue, such as blood, urine, or sputum.

Note – Sputum is a mixture of saliva and mucus.

The treatment available for anoxia is various kinds of therapies. The treatment available for Klebsiella Pneumoniae is Monotherapy, antibiotics course, etc.

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Causes of Klebsiella Pneumoniae

Some of the primary causes of the infection due to Klebsiella Pneumoniae are given below –

  • Intake of excessive alcohol
  • Suffering from Chronic diseases related to the liver, Kidney, and lungs.
  • Diabetes
  • Person to Person contact with a person having an infection.
  • Through invasive medical equipment like ventilators, ureter catheters, IV catheters, etc.

Note – It is not an air-borne disease i.e it does not spread through the air.

Symptoms of Klebsiella Pneumoniae

It can affect different parts of the human body. Some of the major Klebsiella Pneumoniae symptoms are given below:

  • Fever
  • Coughing
  • Vomiting
  • Fatigue
  • Bacterial meningitis
  • Yellow or bloody mucus
  • Shortness of breath
  • Severe Chest pain
  • Endophthalmitis which includes redness in eyes
  • Skin infection such as cellulitis, myositis, etc.
  • Wounds or ulcers on the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or esophagus

How does Klebsiella Pneumoniae spread?

The infection of Klebsiella Pneumoniae spread through the following channels:

  • Respiratory tract through breathing.
  • Person to Person contact through infected hands of medical staff.
  • Blood through injury or infection
  • Medical equipment like Ventilators

Prevention of Klebsiella Pneumoniae

The prevention measures and Klebsiella Pneumoniae treatment are given below –

  • Antibiotic Course – Physicians treat the disease through the antibiotic dosage. But, it is not effective in drug-resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae.
  • Maintaining Proper Hygiene – It can spread through contact between person to person. Hence, it is advisable to wash hands frequently and use a face mask when in the hospital.
  • Strict Sanitization Measures – To prevent the infection of this bacteria alcohol-based hand sanitizers should be used.
  •  proper safety equipment – It is a type of Nosocomial infection. So, it is important to wear proper gloves and gowns by medical staff when they take care of patients suffering from Klebsiella illness.

Way Forward
  • Bacterial infections such as Pneumoniae account for a significant portion of all newly identified diseases as well as existing infectious diseases.
  • There is an urgent need to invest in a thorough understanding and monitoring of such diseases in human-dominated environments.
  • The Government of India should also focus on awareness generation, and increased investments and expenditure toward meeting the ‘One Health’ concept.

We hope all your doubts related to the topic of Klebsiella Pneumoniae are addressed after going through this article. Testbook provides comprehensive notes for Civil services and various other competitive examinations. It has always assured the quality of its product like content pages, live tests, Gk and current affairs, mocks, and so on. Ace your UPSC preparation with Testbook. Download the Testbook App now!

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Klebsiella Pneumoniae FAQs

It is called Klebsiella pneumoniae to honor the famous microbiologist Edwin Klebs.K. pneumoniae.

The seriousness of Klebsiella pneumoniae can be understood by the High mortality rate of the disease, especially in the neonatal and infant population.

The characteristics of Klebsiella include Fever, Coughing, Vomiting, Fatigue, Bacterial meningitis, Yellow or bloody mucus, Shortness of breath, severe Chest pain, and more.

Klebsiella pneumoniae causes infection of the Urinary Tract, Skin infections such as cellulitis, myositis, etc.

To get rid of Klebsiella, normally it takes 14 to 21 days.

Taurine helps in killing the bacterial infection of Klebsiella.

Yes, Klebsiella pneumoniae is a contagious disease. It is not an air-borne disease i.e it does not spread through the air.

Klebsiella is transmitted through person-to-person contact with a person having an infection, through invasive medical equipment like ventilators, ureter catheters, IV catheters etc.

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