Agriculture MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Agriculture - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Apple.

Key Points

• Almora and Nainital districts in the state of Uttarakhand, India, are known for their favorable climatic conditions suitable for apple cultivation.
• The cool temperatures and well-drained soils of these hilly regions provide an optimal environment for growing high-quality apples.
• Apple cultivation in these districts contributes significantly to the local economy and provides employment opportunities for many residents.
• The main varieties of apples grown in Almora and Nainital include Royal Delicious, Rich Red, and Golden Delicious.
• Horticulture is a key sector in Uttarakhand, and apples are one of the major fruit crops produced in this region.

Additional Information

• Climatic Requirements:
  • Apples require a temperate climate with cold winters and moderate summers.
  • They need a chilling period of about 1,000-1,500 hours below 7°C for proper bud development.
• Soil Requirements:
  • Apples thrive in well-drained, loamy soils rich in organic matter.
  • The ideal soil pH for apple cultivation is between 6.0 and 7.0.
• Major Apple Producing Regions in India:
  • Besides Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir are the leading apple-producing states in India.
  • These regions together contribute to a significant portion of the country's apple production.
• Economic Importance:
  • Apple farming provides substantial income to farmers and plays a crucial role in the rural economy of hilly regions.
  • It also supports various agro-based industries such as packaging, transportation, and cold storage.

The correct answer is Wheat.

Key Points

• The largest cultivable area in Uttarakhand is covered by the Wheat crop followed by the paddy crop.
• The net cultivable area in Uttarakhand is about 358.1 hectares with a productivity of 858.2 tonnes.
• Most of the area of the state is under forests and wastelands thus leaving only a small amount of land i.e. 7.41 lakh hectares (about 14%) for cultivation out of the total reported area of 56.72 lakh hectares.
• The organizational set up of agriculture in India started with the Department of Revenue and Agriculture and commerce in 1871 during the period of Lord Mayo (Governor-General of India).

Additional Information

• In the state of Uttarakhand, farmers adopt generally two types of agricultural practices i.e. the rainfed and the irrigated.
• The net irrigated area to net sown area for the state is 45%.
• Productivity of district Udham Singh Nagar, Haridwar, Nainital (plain) and Dehradun (plain) is very high.
• The net area under cultivation of sugarcane is 109.9 hectares with a productivity of 6784 tonnes.
• Rice, Maize, Bajra, Ragi, Soybean, Groundnut, Cotton are all types of Kharif crops.
• Every year on November 9, Uttarakhand Day is celebrated. It is also called Uttarakhand Divas or Uttarakhand State Foundation Day.
• In Dec2020, CM Trivendra Singh Rawat launched Mukhyamantri Saur Swarojgar Yojana in Dehradun.
• The scheme promotes the self-employment of the youth. It also promotes the production of green energy.

The correct answer is Excretory systemKey Points

• Malpighian tubules is principle organ of excreation in insects
• Malpighian tubules branch off from the intestinal tract and actively uptake nitrogenous wastes and water from the hemolymph
• The tubules pass these materials into the gut to combine with the digested food products.

​

Important PointsMalpighian tubules:

• Present in all insects except Collembolan and aphids
• Distal gland of malpighian tubules is joined to rectal glands of hind gut of hind gut which is known as cryptonephridial condition found in larvae of lepidoptera and adult of coleopteran to conserve moisture in rectum
• The primitive no. of malpighan tubules is 6
• In lepidopteran 2-8  in no.
• In orthopters 2-200 malpighian tubules are found

The main excreatory organs:

• Malpighian tubules
• Iintegument (through moulting)
• Tracheal system eliminates CO₂
• Wall of alimentary canal

Other organs of excration

• Nephrocytes
• Fat bodies
• Oenocytes
• Cephalic glands

Confusion Points Malpighian tubules are not the part of digestive system.

The correct answer is Deoria and Gorakhpur.

Key Points

• Jute is one of the important natural fibers after cotton in terms of cultivation and usage.
• Cultivation is dependent on the climate, season, and soil.
• Almost 85% of the world's jute cultivation is concentrated in the Ganges Delta.
• This fertile geographic region is shared by both Bangladesh and India (mainly West Bengal). 

Important Points

• The suitable climate for growing jute is a warm and wet climate, which is offered by the monsoon climate during the fall season, immediately followed by summer.
• Temperatures ranging from more than 25 °C and relative humidity of 70%–90% are favorable for successful cultivation.

The correct answer is decreasing.

Key Points

•  India ranks second worldwide in farm outputs.
• The economic contribution of agriculture to India's GDP is steadily declining with the country's broad-based economic growth.
• Between 1970 and 2011, the GDP share of agriculture has fallen from 43% to 16%.
• It is largely due to the rapid economic growth in services, industrial output, and non-agricultural sectors in India between 2000 and 2010.

The correct answer is Madhya Pradesh.

Key Points

• Slash and burn agriculture is known as Bewar or Dahiya in Madhya Pradesh.
• Slash and burn farming is a type of shifting agriculture in which the natural flora is cut down and burned to clear the ground for cultivation, and then the farmer moves to a new fresh plot and repeats the process when the plot becomes infertile.
• This procedure is repeated again and again. Because the rainforest's riches are in the trees, the earth loses its fertility. Everything is broken down by soil organisms as leaves fall or trees die, nutrients are returned to the soil, and tree roots take them up again.
• As a result, regular recycling ensures that everything remains fertile and grows.

Important Points

• Slash and burn Agriculture is a frequently utilised method of food production in which forests or wildland are cleared and any residual flora is burned.
• The ash layer that forms offers a nutrient-rich layer to help fertilise crops on newly cleared soil.
• Different names of Slash and Burn farming in different states are:

  Name	Regions
  Jhumming	Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland
  Pamlou	Manipur
  Dipa	Bastar (Chhattisgarh) and Andaman & Nicobar Islands
  Podu or Penda	Andhra Pradesh
  Pama Dabi or Koman or Bringa	Orissa
  Kumara	Western Ghats
  Kuruwa	Jharkhand
  Valre or Waltre	South eastern Rajasthan

The correct option is Jute.

Key Points

• Jute is used for making bags.
• The jute fiber is obtained from the stem of the jute plant. 
• The plant is harvested at the flowering stage. 
• The stems of the harvested plants are immersed in water for a few days.
• Stem gets rotten and fibers are separated from it. 

Additional Information

• The fibers used for making cloths, bag etc are of two types. Natural and man - made. 
• Natural fibers are obtained from plants and animals. It includes cotton and jute obtained from plants and wool and silk obtained from animals. 
• Synthetic fibers include Naylon, Rayon etc. 

Explanation:

​Vermicompost:​ 

• It is the product of the decomposition process using various species of worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and other earthworms. 
• It is done to create a mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast.
• The rearing of worms for this purpose is called vermiculture.
• Vermicast (also called worm castings, worm humus, worm manure, or worm faeces) is the end-product of the breakdown of organic matter by earthworms.
• Vermicompost contains water-soluble nutrients and is an excellent, nutrient-rich organic fertilizer and soil conditioner.
• It is used in farming and small-scale sustainable organic farming.

​Thus, vermicompost is obtained from earthworms.​

Additional Information

Earthworms are useful in several ways for farmers:

• Earthworms make the soil porous by digging burrows in the soil. Hence they are called friends of the farmers.
• The nitrogenous wastes and other waste products of the earthworms form food for plants. This process of increasing the fertility of the soil by earthworms is called vermicomposting.
• Earthworms are used as fish bait to catch fish.
• Some tribals in India use earthworms as medicine to cure jaundice, piles, diarrhoea, bladder stones, etc.
• The earthworms reduce both acidity and alkalinity of the soil and create optimum conditions for plant growth.
• The density of earthworms in the soil is considered to be a good indicator of healthy soil because they increase the soil's water-holding capacity and moisture content.

The correct answer is Jowar.

Key Points

• Jowar is the main food crop in semi-arid areas of central and southern India.
• Maharashtra alone produces more than half of the total jowar production of the country.
• It is both Kharif and Rabi crops in Southern India.
• It is a Kharif crop in northern India.
• Other leading producer states of jowar are Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana.​

Additional Information

• Ragi
  • ​'Ragi' also known as Finger Millet, is a popular food grain crop in India.
  • It is a Kharif crop.
  • It is called dry land crops, mostly cultivated by the people of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu & Kerala.
  • Grown in both tropical and sub-tropic regions.
• Maize​
  • In India, maize is the third most important food crop after rice and wheat. 
  • Maize in India contributes nearly 9 % to the national food basket.
  • Maize also serves as a basic raw material as an ingredient in thousands of industrial products including:
    •  starch, oil, protein, alcoholic beverages, food sweeteners, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, film, textiles, gum, etc.
  • The predominant maize-growing states are Andhra Pradesh (20.9 %), Karnataka (16.5 %), and Rajasthan (9.9 %), Maharashtra (9.1 %).
• Bajra​
  • ​In India, Bajra is an essential food crop in the millet category after Jowar.
  • It is cultivated in a warm and dry climate between June and October.
  • It is a Kharif crop.
  • Bajra requires light soil with proper water drainage.
  • However, it can be grown in all types of soils.
  • Out of the whole Bajra production in the country, 85% is grown in Rajasthan.
  • India is in first place in Bajra production in the world.

The correct answer is red seaweeds.

Key Points

• ‘Hypnea indica’ and ‘Hypnea bullata’ are types of red seaweeds.
• Marine biologists from the Central University of Punjab have discovered two new native species of marine algae, also called seaweeds, from the coasts of Gujarat, Diu, and Tamil Nadu.
• The species are named Hypnea indica and Hypnea bullata.
• Named Hypnea indica (after India) and Hypnea bullata (because of the blisterlike marks on its body – bullate).
• The seaweeds are part of the genus Hypnea or red seaweeds.
• The red seaweed species are economically important as:
  • They contain carrageenan, an important biomolecule that is used widely in the food industry.​​

Important Points

• Seaweed:
  • They are the primitive, marine non-flowering marine algae without roots, stems, and leaves, which play a major role in marine ecosystems.
  • Large seaweeds form dense underwater forests known as kelp forests, which act as underwater nurseries for fish, snails, and sea urchins.
• ​Seaweeds are abundant along the Tamil Nadu and Gujarat coasts and around Lakshadweep and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

The correct answer is Bt Cotton.Key Points

• Bt Cotton is the only GM crop approved for commercial cultivation in India.
• It was first approved in 2002 for cultivation in six Indian states.
• Bt Cotton has been genetically modified to produce a toxin that kills bollworm, a major pest that affects cotton crops.
• The adoption of Bt Cotton in India has been controversial, with some arguing that it has led to increased farmer debt and decreased yields.

Additional Information

•  A crop used in agriculture that has had its DNA altered through genetic engineering is known as a genetically modified crop (GM crop).
• In GM crop, Agrobacterium can be used to transfer sequences hosted in T-DNA binary vectors, or one can physically modify plant genomes. 
• The goal is to give the plant a new characteristic that is not found in the species naturally.
• Mustard is currently awaiting approval for commercial cultivation in India.
  • It has been genetically modified to improve yields and reduce the country's dependence on imported edible oil.
• Bt Brinjal was approved for commercial cultivation in India in 2009, but the approval was later revoked in 2010 due to concerns about its safety and impact on human health and the environment.

Concept:

• Every region follows different agricultural practice.
• Depending on the type of crop and scale of farming various agricultural practices are adopted.

Explanation:

About Jhoom farming:

• Jhoom farming is a type of shifting agriculture.
• It is the most common type of agricultural practice in northeast India.
• It is also called slash and burn agriculture.
• It is a shifting cultivation practice.
• It is also known as fire-fallow cultivation.
• After cutting one crop, the land is left as it is for some years.
• Nothing is grown there. 
• Forest land is cleaned and ashes are added to the soil.
• Cultivated spots/ areas are usually small.
• Short periods of crop occupation alternate with long fallow periods.
• In one farm different types of crops like maize, vegetables, chillies, rice can be grown.
• The farmer cultivates on a plot of land temporarily.
• When finding the land infertile to grow due to soil exhaustion, they move on to another plot.

Additional Information 

Organic Farming

It is a method of farming system which primarily aimed at cultivating and raising crop by using organic waste (crop, animal and farm watse) and other biological material along with microbes(biofertilizers) to release nutrients to crops.

Techniques Used in Organic farming

• Crop rotation
• Green Manure
• Biological pest control
• Compost

Concept:

While growing a crop, the steps followed are:

Explanation:

Onion cultivation:

• The right amount of seeds are dropped at a regular distance.
• It should be done carefully so as not to drop too many seeds in one place.
• After 20 days of sowing the seeds, they begin to sprout.
• Weeds start to appear along with the onion plants.
• Weeds need to be removed so that they do not take up all the water and fertilisers.
• If there are too many weeds, then the onion plants will not be healthy.
• The plants grow tall.
• The leaves start turning yellow and drying up.
• This means that the onions are ready to be taken out.
• The onions are now taken out.
• It is important that this should be done at the right time.
• If late, the onions will rot in the ground itself and all the hard work will be wasted.
• The dried leaves from the top of the onions are cut.
• The sacks are filled with onions and taken in a truck to sell in the big market.

Thus, the correct way of doing it -

A. Digging to loosen the soil

C. Sowing of seeds

D. Weeding

E. Plucking the onion out

B. Cutting the dried leaves from the top of the onion

The correct answer is Wheat.

Key Points

• Fine grain crops:-
  • These are those that have small seeds and are generally used for human consumption rather than animal feed.
• Wheat:-
  • It is considered a fine grain crop due to its small, hard seeds that are used to make flour for bread and other baked goods.

Additional Information

• Bajra:-
  • It is also known as pearl millet, is a coarse grain crop that is often used for animal feed or as a staple food in some regions.
• Ragi:-
  • It also known as finger millet, is another coarse grain crop that is commonly used in porridges and flatbreads.
• Maize:-
  • It is also known as corn, is a coarse grain crop that is used for animal feed, human consumption, and industrial purposes such as ethanol production. 

The correct answer is primary sector.Key Points

• Agriculture sector:-
  • It is a part of the primary sector which is also known as the agricultural sector as it involves the production and extraction of natural resources.
  • The primary sector includes activities like farming, fishing, mining, forestry, and other related industries.
  • The agriculture sector is a significant contributor to the economy of many countries, especially in developing nations.
  • The sector provides employment opportunities for a significant portion of the population and also contributes to the food security of the country.

Additional Information

• Tertiary sector: It includes service industries like banking, healthcare, education, hospitality, etc.
• Secondary sector: It includes industries that involve the manufacturing and construction of products.
• Quaternary sector: It includes industries that involve research and development, information technology, and other knowledge-based industries.