Important Organization MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Important Organization - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Red Data BookKey Points

•  The Botanical Survey of India (BSI) publishes an inventory of endangered plants in the form of a publication titled the Red Data Book.
• The Red Data Book is a publication that lists endangered and threatened species of plants and animals in a region. 
• The Red Data Book is created by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
• It's a comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant and animal species.
• The book contains color-coded information sheets that are arranged according to the extinction risk of species and subspecies.
• For example, red sheets contain information about endangered species, black sheets contain information about species that are confirmed to be extinct, and white sheets contain information about rare species. 
• The Red Data Book is beneficial for providing detailed information for studies and researches.
• It also helps in monitoring programs on rare and endangered species, and in protecting the species that are on the verge of extinction.

Additional Information

• Green Data Book
• A small-sized book providing complete information related to environmental data.
• It focuses on key indicators like agriculture, biodiversity, forestry, pollution, and sanitation.
• Blue Data Book
• It provides additional information on the ecology, conservation, and advancement of species.
• It is often used to monitor the recovery of species that were once endangered or threatened.
• Black Data Book
• It lists species that are confirmed to be extinct.
• It serves as a record of species loss and highlights the importance of conservation efforts.

Concept:

Greenpeace:

• Green Peace is a non-governmental environmental organisation with offices in over forty countries and has its headquarters in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
• It was founded by Bill Darnell and Dorothy Stouce in 1971 in Vancouver, Canada.
• Green Peace is known for its direct actions and is one of the most visible environmental organisations in the world.
• It covers issues such as climate change, deforestation, overfishing, commercial whaling, genetic engineering and anti-nuclear issues.
• The mission of Green Peace is to ensure the ability of the Earth to nurture life in all its diversity and focuses on worldwide issues.

Explanation:

The focus of Greenpeace:

• Climate change is one of the most threatening scenarios for both human and non-human life forms.
• Protecting our marine reserves by defending our oceans.
• Protecting the forest biodiversity.
• Creating a toxin-free future by decreasing the use of hazardous chemicals.
• Encouraging a campaign for sustainable agriculture by encouraging better farming practices.
• Promoting peace, disarmament and non-violence.

Thus, the mission of Greenpeace is to ensure the ability of Earth to nurture life in all its diversity.

Concept:

WTO:

• The full form of WTO is World Trade Organization.
• It was founded in 1995 in Geneva.
• WTO is a permanent organisation created by an international treaty ratified by the governments and legislatures of member states.
• WTO is a successor to GATT, it is a much more powerful body than GATT.
• It governs trade not only in goods but also in services and intellectual property rights.
• As of 11th December 2005, there were 149 members of WTO.
• The basic objectives of WTO are raising standards of living and incomes, ensuring full employment, and expanding production and trade.

Explanation:

WTO guiding principles:​

There are five key guiding principles of WTO:

Non-discrimination:

• The most favoured nation (MFN) rule and the national treatment policy are the two main components of WTO.
• Both are enshrined in the core WTO rules on goods, services, and intellectual property, but the scope and character of each vary.
• According to the MFN rule, a WTO member must apply the same terms to all trade with other WTO members.
• WTO members must provide all other WTO members with the most favourable conditions under which it allows trade in a certain product type.
• According to WTO "If you do something unique for someone, you must do the same for all other WTO members."
• It says, imported commodities should be treated equally to domestically produced goods under national treatment.

Reciprocity:

• It represents an ability to limit the extent of possible free-riding as a result of the MFN regulation.
• It also desires to get better access to international markets.

Binding and enforceable commitments:

• A Schedule of concessions is a tariff commitment.
• It is made by the WTO members on the basis of multilateral trade negotiation and on accession is enumerated in a legal instrument.
• From the schedule, we can know about ceiling bindings.
• According to 'Ceiling binding' only after negotiating with its trading partners, a country can change its buildings.
• It means compensating them for the loss of trade.
• A country that is complaining can invoke the WTO settlement procedure if they don't get satisfaction.

​Transparency:

• WTO members must publish their trade regulations.
• That maintains institutions for the examination of official decisions that affect trade, replies to requests for information from other members, and notifies the WTO of any changes in trade policies.
• The WTO system also aims to increase predictability and stability by prohibiting the use of quotas and other restrictions on import amounts.

​Safety values:

• Governments can impose trade restrictions in certain circumstances.
• Members of the WTO can take steps to protect not only the environment, but also public health, animal health, and plant health.

​Thus, WTO has 5 guiding principles.

The correct answer is Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Key Points

• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 10 December 1948, in Paris, France.
• It is considered a milestone document in the history of human rights and provides a comprehensive framework for fundamental freedoms and rights.
• The UDHR has been referred to as the 'International Magna Carta' due to its universal application and emphasis on the dignity and rights of all human beings.
• It consists of 30 articles that outline the civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights of individuals.
• The document serves as the foundation for numerous international treaties, national constitutions, and laws around the world, promoting equality, justice, and human dignity.

Additional Information

• Key Terminologies:
  • Magna Carta: A historic document signed in 1215 in England, symbolizing the foundation of modern constitutional rights and limiting the powers of the monarchy.
  • Human Rights: Fundamental rights and freedoms inherent to all individuals, regardless of nationality, gender, race, or religion.
• UN Charter and Human Rights:
  • The United Nations Charter, signed in 1945, emphasizes the promotion and protection of human rights globally.
  • The UDHR was created as a follow-up to the UN Charter to define specific human rights standards.
• Influence of the UDHR:
  • It has inspired over 70 international human rights treaties and declarations.
  • It serves as the basis for landmark agreements such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR).
• Global Recognition:
  • The UDHR is translated into over 500 languages, making it the most translated document in the world.
  • It is celebrated annually on Human Rights Day, observed on 10 December.

Explanation:

South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics (SANDEE):

• The South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics (SANDEE) is a regional network.
• SANDEE was founded in November 1999 and is based in Kathmandu, Nepal, at the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD).
• Previously, SANDEE was based in Nepal at the IUCN-World Conservation Union.
• Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka are among the South Asian countries where SANDEE works.
• It addresses South Asia's environmental concerns using economic methods and analyses.
• It is predicated on the idea, that solutions to both economic development and environmental issues are inextricably intertwined.
• As a result, SANDEE brings together scholars and institutes from across South Asia who is interested in the interconnections between development, poverty, and the environment.
• Its principal purpose is to help South Asians' development.
• It handles local and global environmental issues.

Thus, SANDEE stands for South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics.

The correct answer is Dhaka.

Key Points

• South Asian leaders signed the SAARC Charter at the first summit in Dhaka in the year 1985.
• The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established with the signing of the SAARC Charter in Dhaka on 8 December 1985.
• The Headquarters and Secretariat of the Association are in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Additional Information

• SAARC comprises 3% of the world's area, 21% of the world's population and 3.8% (US$2.9 trillion) of the global economy.
• SAARC Development Fund's primary objective is the funding of project-based collaboration in social sectors such as poverty alleviation, development, etc.
• It is the world’s most densely populated region and one of the most fertile areas.
• SAARC comprises of eight-member States:
  • Afghanistan
  • Bangladesh
  • Bhutan
  • India
  • Maldives
  • Nepal
  • Pakistan
  • Sri Lanka

Explanation:

Botanical Survey of India:

• Botanical Survey of India (BSI) located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
• It was founded on 13 February 1890, by the Government of India Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
• It is an organization for the survey, research and conservation of plant wealth of India, flora and endangered species of India.
• It also includes collecting and maintaining germplasm and gene bank of endangered, patent and vulnerable plant species.

Thus, 

Bombay Natural History Society - New Delhi: Incorrect

Botanical Survey of India - Kolkata: Correct

Wildlife Institute of India - Coimbatore: Incorrect

National Botanical Research Institute - Jodhpur: Incorrect

Bombay Natural History Society:

• Bombay natural history society is situated in Mumbai.
• The Bombay Natural History Society, founded on 15 September 1883.
• It is one of the largest non-governmental organisations in India engaged in conservation and biodiversity research.
• It supports many research efforts through grants and publishes the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society.

Wildlife Institute of India:

• The institute is based in Dehradun, India.
• It is located in Chandrabani, which is close to the southern forests of Dehradun.
• It is close to Rajaji National Park.
• The Wildlife Institute of India (WII), is an autonomous natural resource service institution under the Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate change, Government of India.
• It was established in 1982.
• WII carries out wildlife research in areas of study like Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Wildlife Policy, Wildlife Management, Wildlife Forensics, Spatial Modeling, Ecodevelopment, Ecotoxicology, Habitat Ecology and Climate Change. 

National Botanical Research Institute:​

• Originally set up as the National Botanic Gardens (NBG) by the State Government of Uttar Pradesh in Lucknow.
• It was taken over by the CSIR in 1953 and renamed as CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI).
• It is engaged in research in the classical botanical disciplines, national needs and priorities in the field of plant sciences, on its applied and developmental research activities. 

Explanation:

World Health Organization (WHO):

• The World Health Organization (WHO) is a United Nations specialised body that studies public health issues.
• There are 194 countries that are members of the WHO.
• When diplomats met to form the United Nations in 1945, one of the things they discussed was setting up a global health organization.
• The World Health Organization's Constitution went into effect on April 7, 1948, which is now known as World Health Day.
• The WHO's global headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland.
• WHO aims to promote health, keep the globe secure, and help the vulnerable worldwide.
• It ensures that a billion more people have access to universal health coverage.
• It protects people from health emergencies and improves their health and well-being.

Thus, World Health Organization was established in the year 1945.

Confusion PointsThis is an official UP TGT Home Science 2021 question and amongst the given options 1945 seems the most suitable answer as the UN decided to set up the WHO at their meet held in the year although it came into effect from the year 1948. 

The correct answer is National Seeds Corporation.Key Points

• The National Seeds Corporation (NSC) is a government-owned enterprise that was established in 1963.
• NSC is responsible for producing and distributing high-quality certified seeds of various crops to farmers across India.
• The corporation also maintains the foundation seed stock of various crops, including high-yielding varieties (HYVs).
• NSC has played a crucial role in the Green Revolution in India by providing farmers with quality seeds and promoting the adoption of modern agricultural practices.

Additional Information

• There are several state-level agricultural corporations that produce and distribute seeds, such as the Karnataka State Seeds Corporation and the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Seed Centre.

Explanation:

About Rajasthan State Chemical:

• It is one of the state PSU's in Rajasthan.
• It was established in the year 1964.
• It is mainly situated in the Deedwana village in Nagaur district of Rajasthan.

Thus, Rajasthan State Chemical Works is located at Deedwana.

Additional Information

Facts about Rajasthan:

• Capital: Jaipur
• Major Regional Festivals: Gangaur, Teej, Brij Holi, Nagaur, Kota Festival, Pushkar Mela
• State Animal: Camel
• State Bird: Great Indian Bustard
• State Flower: Rohida 
• Minerals found: Lead, zinc, feldspar, emeralds, wollastonite, garnets, gypsum, silver, rock phosphate, gypsum

The correct answer is Oil-producing.​

Key Points

•  OPEC's formation by five oil-producing developing countries in Baghdad in September 1960.
  • The international oil market was dominated by the “Seven Sisters” multinational companies and was largely separate from that of the former Soviet Union (FSU) and other centrally planned economies (CPEs).
  • OPEC developed its collective vision, set up its objectives and established its Secretariat, first in Geneva and then, in 1965, in Vienna.
  • It adopted a ‘Declaratory Statement of Petroleum Policy in Member Countries’ in 1968.
  • which emphasised the inalienable right of all countries to exercise permanent sovereignty over their natural resources in the interest of their national development. Membership grew to ten by 1969.

Additional Information

•  Robotics, design, construction, and use of machines (robots) to perform tasks done traditionally by human beings.
  • Robots are widely used in such industries as automobile manufacture to perform simple repetitive tasks, and in industries where work must be performed in environments hazardous to humans.
• Electronic items mean electronic devices or their mechanisms, memory,  including but not limited to computers, televisions, tablets, cellular phones, smartwatches, audio equipment, media recording devices, cameras, camcorders, GPS and car audio equipment.
• Aritifical Intelligence :
  • An intelligent machine is supposed to imitate some of the cognitive functions of humans like learning, decision- making and problem solving.
  • In order to make machines perform tasks with minimum human intervention, they are programmed to create a knowledge base and make decisions based on it.

The correct option is Bhopal

Key Points

• The Indian Institute of Forest Management is located in the Bhopal district of Madhya Pradesh.
• It was established by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change in 1982.
• Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) gave financial assistance for its establishment.
• Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development is in Almora, Uttarakhand.
• Forest Research Institute is in Dehradun.

The correct answer is 1993.Key Points

• The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) was set up in India in 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Act.
• The NHRC is an autonomous statutory body responsible for the protection and promotion of human rights in the country.
• The establishment of the NHRC was a significant step towards ensuring the protection of fundamental human rights in India.
• The NHRC has the power to inquire into human rights violations, recommend remedial action, and provide relief to victims.
• The NHRC has been instrumental in addressing a wide range of human rights issues in India, including police brutality, custodial deaths, and the rights of marginalized communities.

Additional Information

• ​The United Nations ratified the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948.
• The National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) created the Paris Principles in 1991.
• These Paris Principles were endorsed by the UN General Assembly in 1993.
• India passed the Protection of Human Rights Act in 1993.
• As a result, the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) was established.
• The State Human Rights Commission was established by state governments with the assistance of the Protection of Human Rights Act.

Concept:

WHO or World Health Organization:

• The World Health Organization (WHO) is a United Nations specialised body that studies public health issues.
• There are 194 countries, that are members of the WHO.
• The World Health Organization's Constitution went into effect on April 7, 1948, which is now known as World Health Day.
• The WHO's global headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland.

Explanation:

Goals of  WHO:

• ​WHO aims to promote health, keep the globe secure, and help the vulnerable worldwide.
• WHO's goal is to give universal health coverage to a billion more people.
• It protects people from health emergencies and improves their health and well-being.

Thus, World Health Organization work for mother and child.

Mistake Points

• WHO works for improving the health of unhealthy people and not for healthy people.
• WHO works in providing better health care facilities and not in community development.
• Hence the most correct option is mother and child. 

President George W. Bush established the goal of enhancing relations with India.

Key Points

• Colin Luther Powell was the 65th Secretary of State of the United States. 
• He was the country's first black Secretary of State.
• Secretary of State Colin Powell's remark at his confirmation hearing before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee that India is "a country that should get more and more focused in the lens of our foreign policy". 
• He also asserted that  "We must deal wisely with the world's largest democracy... We need to work harder and more consistently to assist India... while not neglecting our friends in Pakistan". 
• He believes that we must work harder and more consistently to support India in this endeavour, while not forgetting our Pakistani allies.

​Thus, Colin Powell said that "We must deal wisely with the world's largest democracy... We need to work harder and more consistently to assist India... while not neglecting our friends in Pakistan". 

Additional Information

• Fareed Zakaria in his Work The Post-American World described George W. Bush as "being the most pro-Indian president in American history.