Home Science MCQ Quiz in मराठी - Objective Question with Answer for Home Science - मोफत PDF डाउनलोड करा

Folate

Key Points

• Folate:
  • Folate, also known as vitamin B9, is essential for the transfer of one-carbon units in various metabolic processes.
  • It plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis, repair, and methylation, as well as in the synthesis of certain amino acids.
  • Folate deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia and other health issues, highlighting its importance in cellular function and growth.

Additional Information

• Thiamine:
  • Thiamine (vitamin B1) is involved in carbohydrate metabolism and is not related to one-carbon unit transfer.
  • It acts as a coenzyme in the decarboxylation of alpha-keto acids and in the pentose phosphate pathway.
• Riboflavin:
  • Riboflavin (vitamin B2) functions as a coenzyme in redox reactions but does not directly participate in one-carbon unit transfer.
  • It is a component of the coenzymes FAD and FMN, which are involved in various metabolic pathways.
• Niacin:
  • Niacin (vitamin B3) is a precursor for NAD+ and NADP+, which are crucial for redox reactions but not for one-carbon unit transfer.
  • It plays a significant role in energy metabolism and DNA repair.

The correct answer is '10th December each year'

Key Points

• Human Rights Day:
  • Human Rights Day is observed annually on 10th December.
  • This date was chosen to honor the United Nations General Assembly's adoption and proclamation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) on 10th December 1948.
  • The UDHR is a milestone document that proclaims the inalienable rights which everyone is entitled to as a human being, regardless of race, color, religion, sex, language, political or other opinions, national or social origin, property, birth, or other status.

Additional Information

• 20th December:
  • 20th December is not associated with Human Rights Day but is observed as International Human Solidarity Day.
• 1st December:
  • 1st December is observed as World AIDS Day, dedicated to raising awareness of the AIDS pandemic caused by the spread of HIV infection.
• 31st December:
  • 31st December is New Year's Eve and is not associated with Human Rights Day.

The correct answer is 3-9.

Key Points

Molds can grow in a pH range of 3 to 9, but they have specific preferences within this range:

Acidic Conditions (pH 3-6): Molds generally prefer slightly acidic environments. Many types of mold thrive around a pH of 5.0 to 6.0. Acidic conditions can still support mold growth, though some molds are less tolerant of very low pH.

Neutral to Slightly Alkaline Conditions (pH 7-9): Molds can also grow in neutral (pH 7) and slightly alkaline conditions. While most molds grow best in slightly acidic environments, some species can adapt to more alkaline conditions, though growth might be slower or less robust compared to more acidic environments.

The correct answer is 'Hepatic encephalopathy'

Key Points

• Hepatic encephalopathy:
  • Hepatic encephalopathy is a decline in brain function that occurs as a result of severe liver disease.
  • The liver is unable to remove toxins from the blood, leading to a buildup that can cause brain damage.
  • A diet rich in Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) is given to patients with hepatic encephalopathy to help improve mental function and reduce symptoms.
  • BCAAs are essential amino acids that the body cannot produce on its own and must be obtained from the diet.

Additional Information

• Chronic kidney disease:
  • Chronic kidney disease is a long-term condition where the kidneys do not work effectively.
  • A diet for chronic kidney disease typically focuses on controlling protein intake, but it is not specifically rich in BCAAs.
• Crohn's disease:
  • Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease that affects the lining of the digestive tract.
  • The diet for Crohn's disease focuses on reducing inflammation and avoiding foods that trigger symptoms, but it is not specifically rich in BCAAs.
• Diverticular disease:
  • Diverticular disease involves the formation of small bulges or pockets in the wall of the intestine.
  • The diet for diverticular disease typically includes high-fiber foods to prevent constipation, but it is not specifically rich in BCAAs.

The hormone that stimulates appetite and known as hunger hormone is Ghrelin

Key Points

• Ghrelin:
  • Ghrelin is often called the "hunger hormone" because it stimulates appetite, increases food intake, and promotes fat storage.
  • It is produced mainly by the stomach and is released when the stomach is empty.
  • Ghrelin levels in the blood increase before meals and decrease after meals.
  • It acts on the hypothalamus in the brain, which regulates hunger and energy balance.

Additional Information

• Leptin:
  • Leptin is a hormone produced by fat cells that helps to regulate energy balance by inhibiting hunger.
  • It is often referred to as the "satiety hormone" and works in opposition to ghrelin.
  • Leptin signals the brain to reduce appetite and increase the amount of energy used.
• Insulin:
  • Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that allows cells to take in glucose from the blood for energy or storage.
  • While it plays a crucial role in metabolism and blood sugar regulation, it is not directly responsible for stimulating appetite.
• Estrogen:
  • Estrogen is a group of hormones that play an essential role in the growth and development of female sexual characteristics and reproduction.
  • It is not involved in regulating hunger or stimulating appetite.

The correct option is Veins.

Key Points

• In intravenous feeding, also known as parenteral nutrition, nutrients are injected directly into the bloodstream through a vein. There are two main types of intravenous access for this purpose:
• Peripheral Venous Access: This involves inserting a catheter into a small vein, usually in the arm or hand. It's typically used for short-term intravenous feeding.
• Central Venous Access: This involves placing a catheter into a larger vein, often in the chest or neck (such as the subclavian vein or jugular vein), which then leads to the superior vena cava near the heart. Central venous access is used for long-term intravenous feeding or when large volumes of nutrients are required.

Additional Information

Arteries, nerves, and muscles are not involved in intravenous feeding because:

• Arteries carry blood away from the heart, but IV feeding uses veins, which return blood to the heart.
• Nerves transmit signals but are not directly involved in nutrient infusion.
• Muscles are not related to the process of delivering nutrients via veins.

Intravenous feeding specifically requires veins for the controlled delivery of nutrients into the bloodstream.

The correct answer is 'Sodium benzoate'

Key Points

• Sodium benzoate:
  • Sodium benzoate is a widely used Class-2 preservative.
  • It is commonly used in acidic foods such as salad dressings, carbonated drinks, jams, and fruit juices.
  • This preservative is effective at inhibiting the growth of potentially harmful bacteria, yeast, and fungi.
  • Sodium benzoate works best in acidic conditions (pH < 3.6) and is often combined with other preservation methods to ensure food safety.

Additional Information

• Salt:
  • Salt is a Class-1 preservative, not a Class-2 preservative.
  • It works by drawing out moisture from food, making it inhospitable for bacteria and other microorganisms.
  • Commonly used in meat curing and pickling.
• Vinegar:
  • Vinegar is another Class-1 preservative.
  • It contains acetic acid, which lowers the pH of foods and inhibits microbial growth.
  • Commonly used in pickling and salad dressings.
• Sugar:
  • Sugar is a Class-1 preservative.
  • It preserves food by reducing water activity, which inhibits the growth of microorganisms.
  • Often used in jams, jellies, and candies.

The correct answer is 'Sodium bicarbonate'

Key Points

• Sodium bicarbonate:
  • Commonly known as baking soda, sodium bicarbonate is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO₃.
  • It is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a fine powder.
  • Sodium bicarbonate is used in baking as a leavening agent, which means it helps dough rise.
  • It reacts with acidic components in batters, releasing carbon dioxide gas, which causes the batter to expand and form the characteristic texture and grain in pancakes, cakes, quick breads, and other baked and fried foods.

Additional Information

• Potassium hydroxide:
  • Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is a strong base, often used in soap making and as a cleaning agent.
  • It is not used in baking or as a leavening agent.
• Sodium hydroxide:
  • Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as lye or caustic soda, is a strong base used in various industrial processes such as paper making, soap making, and as a drain cleaner.
  • It is highly caustic and not suitable for use in cooking or baking.
• Sodium chloride:
  • Sodium chloride (NaCl) is commonly known as table salt.
  • While it is widely used in cooking to enhance flavor, it does not have leavening properties and is not used as a leavening agent like sodium bicarbonate.

The correct answer is 'Proteins'

Key Points

• Kidney Transplant and Protein Intake:
  • After a kidney transplant, it's crucial to regulate protein intake to avoid putting extra strain on the new kidney.
  • Excessive protein can lead to an increase in waste products that the kidney needs to filter, potentially overworking the transplanted organ.
  • Patients are usually advised to follow a diet that maintains a balance of necessary nutrients while limiting excessive protein.

Additional Information

• Fats:
  • Fats are essential for the body, but their intake should be moderated to avoid cardiovascular issues, especially in kidney transplant patients who may be on immunosuppressive drugs that can increase lipid levels.
• Vitamins:
  • Vitamins are crucial for overall health, and deficiencies should be addressed. However, they do not directly impact kidney function as proteins do.
• Carbohydrates:
  • Carbohydrates are the body's primary energy source. While their intake should be balanced, they do not have the same direct impact on kidney function as proteins.

The correct answer is 'Phrynoderma'

Key Points

• Phrynoderma:
  • Phrynoderma, also known as follicular hyperkeratosis, is a skin condition caused by a deficiency in essential fatty acids.
  • It is characterized by the appearance of rough, dry, and bumpy skin, particularly on the extensor surfaces of the limbs.
  • Essential fatty acids like omega-3 and omega-6 are crucial for maintaining healthy skin and overall cellular function.

Additional Information

• Beriberi:
  • Beriberi is caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1).
  • It affects the cardiovascular and nervous systems, leading to symptoms like weakness, pain, irregular heartbeats, and edema.
• Pellagra:
  • Pellagra is caused by a deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3).
  • It leads to symptoms such as dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and if left untreated, can be fatal.
• Cheilosis:
  • Cheilosis, or angular cheilitis, is often caused by a deficiency of riboflavin (vitamin B2).
  • It results in cracks and sores at the corners of the mouth.