Zainul Abidin was one of most famous rulers of which kingdom in India?

The correct answer is Kashmir.

Key Points

• Zainul Abidin, also known as Bud Shah, was the eighth Sultan of Kashmir, ruling from 1420 to 1470.
• He is often referred to as the "Akbar of Kashmir" for his policies of religious tolerance and efforts to promote cultural and economic prosperity.
• Under his rule, Kashmir saw significant developments in arts, crafts, music, and architecture.
• Zainul Abidin played a crucial role in reviving the economy of Kashmir by promoting silk weaving, carpet making, and shawl manufacturing.
• He is also credited with the introduction of new agricultural techniques and the fostering of trade relations with Central Asia and Persia.

Additional Information

• Kashmir Sultanate:
  • The Kashmir Sultanate was established by Shams-ud-Din Shah Mir in 1339, marking the beginning of Muslim rule in the region.
  • The Sultanate period saw the introduction of Persian culture and language in Kashmir.
  • The region became a center of learning and culture, attracting scholars, poets, and artisans.
  • The rule of the Kashmir Sultanate lasted until 1586, when it was annexed by the Mughal Empire.
• Zainul Abidin's Reforms:
  • Zainul Abidin introduced land revenue reforms to improve agricultural productivity.
  • He established a well-organized administrative system with efficient officials to maintain law and order.
  • He promoted education by establishing schools and madrasas (Islamic educational institutions).
  • He encouraged the translation of Sanskrit texts into Persian, fostering cultural integration.
• Religious Tolerance:
  • Zainul Abidin is known for his policy of religious tolerance, allowing the free practice of different religions.
  • He respected Hindu customs and festivals, and even participated in some Hindu rituals.
  • He abolished the jizya (poll tax) on non-Muslims, promoting harmony among different communities.
  • His court included both Hindu and Muslim scholars, reflecting his inclusive approach to governance.
• Cultural and Economic Contributions:
  • Under Zainul Abidin's rule, Kashmir became renowned for its fine arts, including pottery, paper-mâché, and wood carving.
  • He established trade relations with other regions, boosting the economy of Kashmir.
  • He introduced new crops like grapes and fruits, contributing to agricultural diversity.
  • His patronage of arts and crafts led to the flourishing of Kashmiri shawls and carpets, which gained international fame.